Purpose or Case Report: Several unique radiologic diagnoses occur with greater frequency in the Mountain West region of the United States. On account of the altitude, hypobaric hypoxic induced pathology can acutely affect those traveling to the region who are otherwise unaccustomed to the effects of elevation. Chronic hypoxia also has effects on those living in the area. The outdoor recreational activities available in the region (particularly skiing and snowboarding) also result in unique patterns of musculoskeletal injury. Lastly, the harsh winter conditions result in potential cold-weather injuries.

We will review the radiologic findings and pathophysiology of these unique musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and neurologic conditions not commonly encountered by radiologists practicing elsewhere.

Table of Contents/Outline:
I. High altitude pulmonary edema
II. High altitude cerebral edema
III. Frostbite
IV. Ski and snowboard injuries
V. Tick-borne illnesses (e.g., Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
VI. Congenital heart disease at elevation
VII. Sickle cell anemia/sickle cell trait and associated pathologies
VIII. Cosmic, terrestrial, and ultraviolet radiation and associated risks
IX. Hypoxia induced red marrow reconversion
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