Purpose or Case Report: Palpable masses of the scalp and neck are a common indication for imaging in children. Ultrasound serves as the first-line modality with high spatial resolution and the ability to assess vascularity without the need for ionizing radiation or sedation/anesthesia, rendering it very effective at differentiating between the many possible pathologies. This educational exhibit will outline the appropriate scanning technique, followed by a case-based review of the ultrasound appearance of some of the most common entities presenting as palpable neck and scalp masses in the pediatric population. Pathologies covered in this review include thyroglossal duct cysts, branchial cleft cysts, ectopic thymus, fibromatosis, epidermal inclusion cysts, pilar cysts, dermoid/epidermoid cysts, ranula, vascular malformations, and pseudomasses such as parotitis. This exhibit will discuss atypical features that may require further assessment with additional modalities. Lastly, relevant ultrasound anatomy, including midline neck and floor-of-mouth structures, will be reviewed as it pertains to surgical planning.
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