Purpose or Case Report: Significant progress in improving outcome for patients with oncohematological diseases are attributed to intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, platelet transfusions, development of new imaging techniques, new antimicrobials and others. All these advances increase the survival of these patients which in turn increases the frequent of risk of infections that are substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
The purpose of this exhibit is to show the spectrum of infections in these patients; describe the imaging finding according to the etiology and associated factors.

There are a number of factors that need to be considered in order to interpret abnormalities seen on radiology as the type of hematological disease, stage of the hematological disease, treatment phase, profile of immunodeficiency, treatment for infection received, patient history and clinical signs. For example, according to type of immunosuppression there are different spectrum of infections but leukemia affect all types of immunosuppression that include neutropenia, T cell defect and B cell defect.
Methods & Materials: The medical records of patients with hematologic malignancy and aplastic anemia in a pediatric reference institute, with microbiological diagnosis or laboratory and clinics findings highly compatible with an etiologic agent will be collected and correlated with different imaging modalities available in these patients.
Results:
Conclusions: Different imaging techniques like X ray, CT, MRI and ultrasound have become a crucial aspect in the diagnosis of infectious disease among patients with hematological malignancies and aplastic anemia. There are some radiological signs associated to specific infections, but it is not easy and not is possible to make etiological diagnosis based solely on analyzing imaging in these patients. We need the various factors associated to make a precise diagnosis.