Purpose or Case Report: Atretic cephalocele is a rare disruption of neural tube closure. The reported incidence ranges from 1 in 3500 to 1 in 5000 live births. Is a small subscalp lesion that consist of dura, fibrous tissue, and dysplastic brain tissue. Its most common presentation it is a palpable midline parietal soft tissue mass, occasionally occipital, with a wide range of clinical presentations, the patient may have normal neurological development or have severe mental retardations, since it could be associated with multiple intracranial malformations including a fenestrated superior sagittal sinus (the most common), persistent falcine sinus, vertical embryonic positioning of the straight sinus, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, eye anomalies, agenesis of the corpus callosum, among others, therefore is important to know about this condition as well as to identify its radiological characteristics using different diagnostic imaging methods to make a certain diagnostic. Transfontanellar brain ultrasound could be used as the first imaging method as it enables a non-invasive method, in addition the patients are not exposed to ionizing radiation, being the most consistent finding a subcutaneous, hypoechoic mass, with a solid fibrous tract connecting the extracranial lesion, through a small bony cranium defect, to the intracranial space; additionally in order to evaluate a further extension of the fibrous tract or the presence of other anomalies, CT or MRI can be performed, considering to the MRI as a better study because it can be used in pediatric population since there is no exposure to radiation. Main differential diagnoses of atretic cephalocele are sinus pericranii and dermoid cyst, other possible causes include haemangioma, sebaceous cyst, inclusion cyst, lipoma, tumors (Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcomas, etc.), bone and soft tissue infections and traumatic lesions. This educational poster pretends to review the radiological findings of two cases of patients with atretic cephalocele moreover a literature review since the published works regarding is limited and few case series or case reports have been documented.
Methods & Materials:
Results:
Conclusions: