Purpose or Case Report: Vascular anomalies represent a spectrum of disorders ranging from simple "birthmarks" to life-threatening entities. Incorrect nomenclature and misdiagnosis are common in patients with these anomalies. The objectives of this educational presentation are to provide radiologists with a comprehensive understanding of the ISSVA (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies) classification and to enhance their familiarity with the clinical and imaging features of commonly encountered soft tissue vascular anomalies in pediatric patients. Special emphasis is placed on emphasizing the practicality of ultrasound as an effective diagnostic tool. The ISSVA has been updated with the recognition of causal genetic mutations, most recently revised in May 2018. The main organizational principle of this classification divides vascular lesions into: vascular tumors (neoplastic): benign, locally aggressive/borderline, and malignant; vascular malformations (non-neoplastic): simple, combined, major named vessels, and associated with other anomalies; unclassified anomalies (unclear whether tumor or malformation).
Methods & Materials: This educational poster will cover the following cases: congenital and infantile hemangioma; kaposiform hemangioendothelioma; angiosarcoma; arteriovenous malformation; arteriovenous fistula; venous malformation, lymphatic malformation; capillary malformation of the choroid plexus; anomaly of venous development; anomaly of the vein of Galen and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.
Results:
Conclusions: Sonography can accurately diagnose most vascular anomalies when studied systematically and should be the imaging modality of choice, especially in the pediatric population. Doppler sonography helps to categorize vascular anomalies into high-flow and low-flow lesions, which provides the basis for the imaging diagnosis and guides further management. Sonographic findings must always be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's history and clinical examination findings.