Purpose or Case Report: 1. Review the advantages and approach to using ultrasound for the evaluation of emergent pediatric-specific abdominal conditions.
2. Discuss specific examples and demonstrate ultrasound findings for common and rare pediatric abdominal emergencies and correlation with other modalities.
Methods & Materials: Background :
Ultrasound is ideally suited as the first-line diagnostic modality for many pediatric abdominal emergencies. With its easy access, lack of radiation, and exquisite depiction of structures facilitated by minimal body habitus in children, ultrasound provides both a safe and quality imaging evaluation that is often advantageous to other modalities. Focused discussions of pathologic pediatric abdominal conditions that may present emergently include: scanning techniques tailored to pediatric patients, distinguishing mimics of these conditions, and comparing the appearance and utility of ultrasound versus other cross-sectional modalities. Mastery of these ultrasound skills allows for accurate diagnosis of pediatric abdominal emergencies.

Specific pediatric abdominal conditions:
1. GI tract (hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, malrotation and midgut volvulus, appendicitis)
2. GU system (ovarian torsion, adnexal masses, testicular and inguinal lesions)
3. Other uncommon entities
Results:
Conclusions: This review serves as a comprehensive visual guide on leveraging ultrasound for the assessment of pediatric-specific acute abdominal emergencies. Mastery of these ultrasound skills is invaluable for the assessment of children with these time-sensitive conditions that have unique clinical considerations compared to adults.