Purpose or Case Report: The objectives of this educational exhibit are (1) To review the radiologic appearance of pediatric renal tumors in multiple imaging modalities, (2) To review the demographic and clinical contexts in which pediatric renal tumors occur, and (3) To survey various syndromes classically associated with pediatric renal tumors.
Methods & Materials: A variety of cases representing a spectrum of pediatric renal tumors were collected from two teaching institutions. Radiologic features of these renal lesions were identified across multiple imaging modalities and closely correlated with available clinical information and pathology results. The clinical syndromes and conditions most commonly associated with these renal tumors are also presented with radiological and clinical correlation.
Results: Examples of a wide range of pediatric renal tumors will be presented including:
Benign lesions:
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Polycystic kidney diseases
Multilocular cystic nephroma
Nephroblastomatosis
Mesoblastic nephroma
Angiomyolipoma
Ossifying renal tumor of infancy
Malignant lesions:
Wilms tumor (with differentiating features from neuroblastoma)
Clear cell sarcoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Rhabdoid tumor
Lymphoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Metastases
Rare lesions
Associated syndromes and clinical conditions:
Tuberous sclerosis
Von Hippel-Lindau
WAGR
Beckwith-Wiedmann
Sickle cell disease
Neurofibromatosis
Bloom syndrome
Birt-Hogg-Dube
Conclusions: The differential diagnosis of pediatric renal tumors includes a vast array of congenital and acquired tumors, both malignant and benign. The distinctive radiologic appearances of many of these tumors can aid significantly in accurate diagnosis of these lesions. Familiarity with features common to associated clinical syndromes may also provide a valuable tool to radiologists in the diagnosis of pediatric renal tumors.