Purpose or Case Report: Pediatric patients can host a variety of benign and malignant renal tumors and tumor mimics. Their clinical presentation is nonspecific as patients may be asymptomatic or present with an abdominal mass, flank pain, or hematuria. Proper patient management requires an accurate diagnosis based on a combination of radiological and pathological findings.
Methods & Materials: Cases will be illustrated through a multimodality approach utilizing radiographs, ultrasound, CT, and MRI with an emphasis on key imaging features used to differentiate between the various renal neoplasms. Entities which mimic renal tumors will also be included. Additionally, we will discuss the limitations of imaging and the vital role of pathological diagnosis at both the gross and microscopic levels. A brief review of embryology, tumor classification, and clinical considerations will also be incorporated.
Results: This exhibit will provide a pictorial review of benign and malignant renal tumors and their common mimickers. A brief review of pediatric renal embryology and a classification of the neoplasms will be provided. The discussion will include the following: intralobar and perilobar nephroblastomatosis, Wilms tumor, mesoblastic nephroma, multilocular cystic nephroma, clear cell sarcoma, undifferentiated renal sarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, renal cell carcinoma and its variants, primary and secondary lymphoma, and angiomyolipoma. These tumors will be differentiated from common mimickers. Gross and microscopic pathology will be illustrated for these neoplasms as well. Further analysis will encompass clinical manifestations, metastatic patterns, and associated syndromes. Finally, the exhibit will discuss the clinical implications of an accurate diagnosis as it relates to staging, prognosis, and treatment.
Conclusions: Pediatric renal tumors encompass a spectrum of entities which often have overlapping imaging characteristics. The radiologist must be able to accurately recognize these neoplasms and understand the underlying pathological features to guide appropriate clinical and surgical management.