Kirihetti Liyanage Neelika,  Kumbla Surekha

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-001

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality which affects transplant recipients of solid organs and allogenic bone marrow transplants. Paediatric recipients of organs that require high levels of immunosuppression are the most susceptible population. Incidence and the frequency of PTLD in paediatric age group is consistently higher than it is in adults. There is insufficient recent literature on imaging features of PTLD in the paediatric age group.
Our purpose is to illustrate multi-modality imaging characteristics of PTLD affecting different organs and systems in a cohort of paediatric patients with biopsy proven PTLD. Read More

Authors:  Kirihetti Liyanage Neelika,  Kumbla Surekha

Keywords:  PTLD ,  Transplant ,  Lymphadenopathy

Nakagawa Motoo,  Ozawa Yoshiyuki,  Tanaka Yoshihiro,  Shibamoto Yuta

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Characteristic chest radiographic findings of patients with congenital heart disease have been reported for some decades ago. For beginner, it may be hard to detect these findings and to understand reasons why these findings depict. Recently, radiologists can interpret specific findings of congenital heart disease because technique of CT have been developed. Read More

Authors:  Nakagawa Motoo,  Ozawa Yoshiyuki,  Tanaka Yoshihiro,  Shibamoto Yuta

Keywords:  congenital heart disease ,  chest radiograph ,  dual source CT

Davda Sunit,  Kyaw Tun Jimmy,  Jaffer Ounali,  Ljutikov Anoushka

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-003

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) has a proven utility in the adult population. It is a safe, accurate and easily accessible technique of pathology assessment. Within the Pediatric cohort, CEUS offers a significant advantage as it potentially negates the need for repetitive radiation exposure resultant of multiple CT examinations. Read More

Authors:  Davda Sunit,  Kyaw Tun Jimmy,  Jaffer Ounali,  Ljutikov Anoushka

Keywords:  CEUS

Barczuk Marzena,  Roik Danuta,  Ostapska Zofia,  Biejat Agnieszka,  Brzewski Michal

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-007

Computed tomography with its excellent spatial and temporal resolution remains valuable diagnostic modality in pediatrics. On the other hand there has been increasing attention placed on the radiation risks associated with CT imaging, especially in children.
In recent years many advances in CT hardware and software, for example automatic exposure control tools and iterative reconstruction techniques allowed for the reduction of applied radiation dose while maintaining image quality.

The aim of our educational exhibit is:

- to present optimal protocols for chest CT in the youngest age group of children, scanned according to body weight protocols (0-10kg; 10-30kg) with assesement of image quality and dose indices (CTDIvol and DLP; SSDE)
- to present pictorial review of the pediatric chest pathologies in low dose chest CT Read More

Authors:  Barczuk Marzena,  Roik Danuta,  Ostapska Zofia,  Biejat Agnieszka,  Brzewski Michal

Keywords:  Pediatrics ,  Dose ,  CT

Semple Thomas,  Ashworth Michael,  Aurora Paul,  Owens Catherine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-008

To review the CT features of childhood interstitial lung diseases (ChILD). Read More

Authors:  Semple Thomas,  Ashworth Michael,  Aurora Paul,  Owens Catherine

Keywords:  Interstitial ,  Lung ,  Pulmonary ,  Thoracic ,  CT

Bruno Costanza,  Minniti Salvatore

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-013

To offer a complete overview of the diagnostic hypotheses of the various fluid-containing masses which can be found in the neonatal abdomen. Read More

Authors:  Bruno Costanza,  Minniti Salvatore

Keywords:  Ovarian cysts ,  renal dilation ,  duodenal atresia

Supakul Nucharin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-017

To summarize our experience using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) of the liver as an imaging tool for pre-living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) evaluation in biliary atresia (BA) patients. This pictorial review will illustrate and discuss several aspects of imaging techniques and the important findings that clinician need to know before LDLT.

Key imaging findings for vascular anatomy/collateral vessels will be made, emphasizing what clinicians need to know. Correlation with intraoperative findings will also be provided.
Read More

Authors:  Supakul Nucharin

Keywords:  Biliary atresia ,  LDLT ,  liver transplantation ,  CTA liver ,  Pediatric

Manopoulou Evangelia,  Magganas George,  Meleti Christina,  Yarmenitis Spyros,  Tagalakis Panagiotis,  Papaioannou Georgia

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-021

Our objective is to demonstrate the value of imaging exploration of the lumbar spine and sacrococcygeal region in neonates and young children, when certain clinical indications exist. Read More

Authors:  Manopoulou Evangelia,  Magganas George,  Meleti Christina,  Yarmenitis Spyros,  Tagalakis Panagiotis,  Papaioannou Georgia

Keywords:  lumbrosacral spine ,  spinal dysraphism ,  sacral dimple

Mahomed Nasreen

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-022

Pancreatic tumours are a rare and unusual entity in pediatric patients accounting for less than 0.2% of malignant paediatric deaths. The limited number of cases and the diversity of histopathologic subtypes have made it difficult to predict prognosis which differs significantly from adults. In general, pancreatic tumours that occur in children are well circumscribed and partially encapsulated. Their relatively soft nature and encapsulated rather than infiltrative growth pattern allow them to become large prior to clinical presentation. Owing to their large size, central necrosis is common.

Causes of pancreatic masses in children are usually benign and include pancreatic pseudocyst, congenital pancreatic cyst, dermoid cyst, hydatid cyst, islet cell tumours, lymphangioma, pancreatic hemangioendothelioma and cystadenomas. Causes of malignant pancreatic masses in children (which are rare) include pancreatoblastoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, solid-pseudopapillary tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma.

We present an algorithmic approach to a pancreatic mass in a child, describing the common imaging features in each of the benign and malignant causes of pancreatic mass in a child with radiologic cases. We also report a very rare case of a pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in an 8 month old boy who presented with Kasabach Merritt syndrome.
Read More

Authors:  Mahomed Nasreen

Keywords:  pancreatic tumours ,  pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma ,  benign ,  malignant ,  children

Crido Silvina,  Bravo Monica,  Lipsich Jose,  Cermeño Claudia,  Dardanelli Esteban,  Moguillanky Slvia

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-029

To present a series of patients with pylephlebitis without a significant past medical history Read More

Authors:  Crido Silvina,  Bravo Monica,  Lipsich Jose,  Cermeño Claudia,  Dardanelli Esteban,  Moguillanky Slvia

Keywords:  Pylephlebitis ,  portal vein thrombosis ,  omphalitis ,  appendicitis ,  ultrasonography

Alturkistani Tahani,  Goldwasser Bernard,  Blumfield Einat,  Liszewski Mark,  Taragin Benjamin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-032

1) To understand penetrating injury in pediatric patients and how the child’s body habitus is more susceptible to multi organ injury than that of adult.
2) To explain the role of computed tomography (CT) in a pediatric penetrating trauma triage algorithm.
3) To discuss optimization of CT protocols in pediatric trauma patients based on the mechanism of injury with attention to radiation dose reduction.
4) To review the imaging findings in penetrating injuries to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Read More

Authors:  Alturkistani Tahani,  Goldwasser Bernard,  Blumfield Einat,  Liszewski Mark,  Taragin Benjamin

Keywords:  Trauma ,  Cross-sectional ,  penetrating trauma ,  Penetrating injuries ,  GunShot wounds

Funaro Kimberly,  Kucera Jennifer

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-033

Congenital chest lesions encompass a wide array of pathology with overlapping imaging characteristics. With prenatal ultrasound and MRI, more congenital chest lesions are being detected sooner, and it is important for radiologists to be familiar with their imaging findings for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This educational exhibit reviews the spectrum of pediatric congenital chest lesions and their key imaging findings.
Read More

Authors:  Funaro Kimberly,  Kucera Jennifer

Keywords:  Chest ,  Congenital malformations

Al-saraf Ali,  Ong Seng

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-034

Congenital anomalies of bone are many and can be difficult to approach. In addition, it is important to recognize that while some of these anomalies occur sporadically or in isolation, others are inherited or associated with systemic conditions/syndromes that require further assessment, diagnostic testing, and proper referral.
In this two-part exhibit, congenital bone anomalies of the upper and lower extremities will be reviewed. The first part of the exhibit will cover upper extremity anomalies while the second part will focus on the lower extremity. The purpose is multifold: 1. To illustrate the wide spectrum of congenital bone anomalies based on classic clinical presentation and demographics. 2. Highlight key imaging characteristics across multiple modalities to allow for accurate differentiation between the various congenital bone anomalies of the extremities. 3. Guide the viewer to proper workup and referral for these entities. Read More

Authors:  Al-saraf Ali,  Ong Seng

Keywords:  Radial Deficiency ,  Ulnar Deficiency ,  Kirner Deformity ,  Delta Phalanx ,  Radioulnar Synostosis

Rozovsky Katya,  Higgins Rick,  Moffatt Hayley,  Wrogemann Jens,  Al-somali Faisal,  Miller Elka,  Alqublan Lina,  Bunge Martin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-053

Blastomycosis is a rare granulomatous fungal infection, endemic to Canada and Midwest of the North America. The clinical features of blastomycosis are extremely variable, since the disease may involve any organ or system. Pediatric blastomycosis is uncommon, and the diagnosis is often delayed, which results in severe and disseminated disease by the time of diagnosis. Imaging studies plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with blastomycosis.
The purpose of our educational exhibit is to describe the imaging features of pulmonary and extrapulmonary blastomycosis in the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Rozovsky Katya,  Higgins Rick,  Moffatt Hayley,  Wrogemann Jens,  Al-somali Faisal,  Miller Elka,  Alqublan Lina,  Bunge Martin

Keywords:  blastomycosis ,  multi system manifestation ,  rare granulomatous fungal infection

Priego Gema,  Hurteau-miller Julie,  Fontalvo Lucia,  Miller Elka

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-062

Describe the anatomy and regional difference in brain maturation of various brain structures comparing 3 and 1.5 Tesla fetal MRI.

Read More

Authors:  Priego Gema,  Hurteau-miller Julie,  Fontalvo Lucia,  Miller Elka

Keywords:  Fetal MRI

Benitez Steven,  Levin Terry

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-063

With the expansion of the internet and the development of new media tools, learning methods among medical students and residents in all specialties particularly Radiology have changed. While didactic lectures and personal interaction with mentors each play an important part in education, self learning via a variety of internet sources has gained a significant role and has come to replace the use of standard textbooks. Existing online modules are minimally interactive and present radiographic images concurrently with text. In most, users use the cursor to hover over the image in order to display the abnormality. Read More

Authors:  Benitez Steven,  Levin Terry

Keywords:  learning module ,  hips ,  pediatric

Al-saraf Ali,  Ong Seng

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-067

In the second part of this exhibit, congenital bone anomalies of the lower extremity will be identified and reviewed. Through this exhibit, the reader will be able to: 1. Define the most common entities encompassing congenital lower extremity bone anomalies based on classic clinical presentation and demographics. 2. Highlight key multi-modality imaging characteristics to accurately differentiate between the various congenital bone anomalies of the lower extremity. Read More

Authors:  Al-saraf Ali,  Ong Seng

Keywords:  Tibial Hemimelia ,  Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency ,  Amniotic Band Syndrome ,  Fibular Hemimelia ,  Tarsal Coalition

Rozenfeld Michael,  Garcia Sebastian,  Nelson Paige,  Burrowes Delilah

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-070

Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used in medical imaging with 10 million annual doses given in the US alone. There is a very low 0.03% risk of serious adverse reactions. GBCAs were thought entirely safe until 2006 when reports of nephrogenic system fibrosis (NSF) surfaced. NSF was nearly eliminated by 2009 through careful screening and reducing dosage. In 2014, it was reported that GBCAs may deposit in the brains of patients. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature to date. Read More

Authors:  Rozenfeld Michael,  Garcia Sebastian,  Nelson Paige,  Burrowes Delilah

Keywords:  Brain ,  Gadolinium

Tani Chihiro,  Nakashima Yuko,  Kume Shinji,  Iida Makoto,  Kobayashi Masao,  Awai Kazuo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-079

Haemophilic arthropathy is caused by recurrent bleeding into joint. The first bleeding episodes usually occurs in knee and ankles between 1 and 3 years old. In the pediatric patients with haemophilia, it is important to detect the joint damage as soon as possible because appropriate prophylaxis is provided. Ultrasonography is increasingly used for joint assessment recently. The purpose of this study is to present clinical importance of joint evaluation by the ultrasonography in the pediatric patients with haemophilia. Read More

Authors:  Tani Chihiro,  Nakashima Yuko,  Kume Shinji,  Iida Makoto,  Kobayashi Masao,  Awai Kazuo

Keywords:  Ultrasonography ,  Haemophilia

Parnell Shawn

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-080

The skeletal dysplasias are a large diverse group of several hundred disorders which are marked by abnormal bone and cartilage growth with resultant short stature. Dysplasias have been divided into larger groups according to common radiographic and/or genetic mutations. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to highlight one of these major groups, which are characterized by mutations of type 2 collagen. Read More

Authors:  Parnell Shawn

Keywords:  skeletal dysplasia ,  musculoskeletal ,  type 2 collagen ,  skeletal survey ,  dwarfism

Southard Richard,  Ellsworth Erik,  Moe Tabitha,  Augustyn Robyn,  Thorkelson Marrit,  Bardo Dianna

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-090

The structure of the heart is more complex than 4 major chambers, 4 major valves, venous inflow and arterial outflow.

Muscular and soft tissue ridges, perforated membranes, tissue flaps, electrical pathways, external grooves, endocardial surface characteristics, and a core architecture structured of fibrous tissue and embryonic tissue remnants form distinguishing anatomic landmarks. These structures provide insight into cardiac development, serve physiologic purpose, define structural and functional elements, as well as offer prognostic information.

Specific details of cardiac anatomy may not be recognized on cardiac MR and CT examinations. Structural anomalies that affect cardiac function and anatomic or physiologic relationships may be abnormal in hearts with congenital malformations. The fine structural details of the heart are typically not part of an imagers search pattern and are therefore overlooked or underreported. Each minute structure and anatomic characteristic provides clues to errors in cardiac formation and may provide clinically relevant diagnostic information. After palliation of CHD defining anatomic structure may be lost, displaced, interrupted or even restored.

Important processes, corresponding anatomic landmarks, and effects of malformation in defining congenital heart disease anatomy, physiology and functional variation from normal include basal structures such as the central fibrous body of the heart, atrial structures including the crista terminalis, the sinus venarum, and eustacian valve, and ventricular structures such as the crista supraventricularis.

Each structure is described along with its normal location, anatomy functional and physiologic importance, the effect of congenital malformation, and imaging findings as in the example of the central fibrous body (table 1).

Minute cardiac anatomy will be shown in illustration as well as in CT and MR images (figure 1). Read More

Authors:  Southard Richard,  Ellsworth Erik,  Moe Tabitha,  Augustyn Robyn,  Thorkelson Marrit,  Bardo Dianna

Keywords:  Cardiac anatomy ,  Cardiac MR ,  Cardiac CT ,  Congenital heart disease ,  Embryology

Close Orrie,  Squires Judy

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-097

There are numerous congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract with varying frequency. Some anomalies are life-threatening and require prompt diagnosis with immediate treatment. Evaluation of patients with these anomalies can be complex, sometimes requiring multiple imaging modalities for accurate diagnoses and timely treatment. It is therefore essential for radiologists to have a firm understanding of specific imaging features. The purpose of this exhibit is to review common and uncommon congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, including clinical and imaging features as well as treatment options. Read More

Authors:  Close Orrie,  Squires Judy

Keywords:  congenital ,  gastrointestinal ,  malformations

Basta Amaya,  Vajtai Petra,  Hopkins Katharine,  Schmitz Kelli

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-100

Cecostomy tubes are not uncommonly encountered in a busy pediatric radiology practice but can pose a challenge to the unfamiliar. These devices provide access to the colon for routine antegrade enemas to promote bowel regularity and continence, most commonly in children with spinal dysraphism. This educational exhibit will describe the typical routine for cecostomy tube exchange, characterized by the Seldinger technique, and describe interesting cases of more difficult exchanges and complications, including different scenarios of broken and malpositioned tubes, and a practical approach to management of these challenges. After viewing this exhibit, the radiologist should be armed with several strategies for approaching both routine and complicated cecostomy tube exchanges. Read More

Authors:  Basta Amaya,  Vajtai Petra,  Hopkins Katharine,  Schmitz Kelli

Keywords:  cecostomy ,  tube ,  exchange

Do Patrick,  Krishnarao Priya

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-103

Assessing and reporting pediatric bone age is a subjective and often tedious multi-step process. The typical reporting workflow at our institution requires perusing a hardcopy of a bone age atlas to find an image matching the PACS screen, finding reference values in a table, and performing rote arithmetic to determine the progress of skeletal maturity. Read More

Authors:  Do Patrick,  Krishnarao Priya

Keywords:  bone ,  age ,  skeletal ,  structured ,  report

Lacroix Caroline,  Ahyad Rayan,  Manson David

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-107

Pulmonary haemorrhage in children is a non-specific response to a number of varying insults. Many of these insults favour particular anatomic foci along the pulmonary and bronchial arterial trees respectively. Although recent years have seen an emerging interest in the understanding and classification of pulmonary vasculitides, this pathophysiology represents only one subset of the causes of pulmonary haemorrhage in children. Our purpose is to review the imaging and pathophysiologic manifestations of varying causes of pulmonary haemorrhage according to the anatomic region of susceptibilities in the pulmonary arterial and bronchial artery trees.

We aim to provide a perspective of imaging manifestations of the pathophysiologies of pulmonary haemorrhage displayed schematically according to their relative anatomic areas of susceptibility. We aim to focus on useful constellations or associated findings that will serve to help the reader differentiate amongst entities that often have otherwise similar imaging presentation. Read More

Authors:  Lacroix Caroline,  Ahyad Rayan,  Manson David

Keywords:  haemorrhage ,  vasculitides ,  anatomy ,  pathophysiology ,  pulmonary

Verma Nupur,  Patel Pratik,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-108

Accidents remain a top cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patient. Assessment for blunt trauma to the abdomen is difficult in the trauma patient and findings of bowel injury can be subtly or confounded by visceral injuries. The most specific finding of free air in blunt hollow visceral organ is often minimally present, or entirely unseen. The pediatric radiologist must be familiarity with the more often seen and less specific secondary signs on CT, including free fluid, bowel wall thickening, and mesenteric contusion injury. We present, by case example, bowel injuries in the traumatic pediatric patient and their management and outcomes, while addressing common pearls and pitfalls. As many of these patients do well with non-operative treatment the radiologist must also be familiar with findings that would allow such option, to appropriately advice referring providers and manage potential re-image of the pediatric patient. Read More

Authors:  Verma Nupur,  Patel Pratik,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Keywords:  Trauma ,  Pediatrics ,  Dose Reduction in CT ,  Abdominal Injury

Chern Joshua,  Urbine Jaqueline,  Mallon Mea,  Kazmi Faaiza,  Malik Archana,  Poletto Erica,  Faerber Eric

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-110

Sickle cell disease is a common inherited disorder due to a structural abnormality in hemoglobin affecting the shape of the red blood cells. There are a variety of manifestations of this disease affecting a multitude of different organ systems. Some of the complications with the highest morbidity are those involving the central nervous system, and thus, the radiologist plays a pivotal role in the clinical management of these patients. It is important for the radiologist to understand the disease process, the radiologic manifestations, and the screening modalities available. Read More

Authors:  Chern Joshua,  Urbine Jaqueline,  Mallon Mea,  Kazmi Faaiza,  Malik Archana,  Poletto Erica,  Faerber Eric

Keywords:  Moya moya ,  Aneurysm ,  CVA ,  Stroke ,  Infarction

Hirsig Leslie,  Verma Nupur,  Sharma Priya,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-115

Congenital and childhood findings of pulmonary artery anomalies are uncommon but not infrequently encountered by referral centers. We present by case examples anomalies of pulmonary arterial vasculature, and discuss their clinical presentation, associated cardiothoracic anomalies, and overall prognosis. Read More

Authors:  Hirsig Leslie,  Verma Nupur,  Sharma Priya,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Keywords:  Pulmonary anamolies ,  Congenital malformations ,  Pulmonary Origin ,  Pulmonary Hypertension ,  Pulmonary complications

Sharma Priya,  Loubriel Daphne,  Estrin Yvonne,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-119

Learning objectives: This educational exhibit will review atypical ovarian neoplasms in the pediatric population. We will discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, multimodality imaging findings as seen on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of these rare adnexal entities. Read More

Authors:  Sharma Priya,  Loubriel Daphne,  Estrin Yvonne,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Keywords:  Atypical ovarian masses ,  Adnexa ,  Ovarian ,  tumors

Reid Janet,  Gandhi Trupti,  Kazmi Parvez,  Anupindi Sudha,  Francavilla Michael,  States Lisa

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-137

Learning at point of care has become the norm. There is endless unfiltered radiology educational material available on the internet. Radiology trainees and educators need a filtered high quality engine available at point of care to enable efficient and effective learning and teaching.
Read More

Authors:  Reid Janet,  Gandhi Trupti,  Kazmi Parvez,  Anupindi Sudha,  Francavilla Michael,  States Lisa

Keywords:  education ,  CMS ,  LMS ,  learning ,  point-of-care