Warner Christopher,  Maguire Sabine,  Miller Angie,  Trefan Laszlo,  Fadell Michael

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-057

Fractures are a common manifestation of physical child abuse, and when present can have considerable bearing on the legal process. Although the timing of skeletal injury and healing is of great importance in forensic cases, the dating of fractures in the age group in which fractures from physical abuse most frequently occur is largely based on the radiologist’s personal experience as opposed to primary research. A full understanding of the radiological features of healing in infant fractures will enhance the assessment of fracture dating in cases where the time of injury is unknown, such as suspected abuse. The objective of this study was to describe the timing of fracture healing in infants using previously defined radiographic signs of fracture healing. Read More

Authors:  Warner Christopher , Maguire Sabine , Miller Angie , Trefan Laszlo , Fadell Michael

Keywords:  Healing Fracture, Fracture Healing, Non Accidental Trauma, Abuse, Long Bone

Do Patrick,  Krishnarao Priya

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-103

Assessing and reporting pediatric bone age is a subjective and often tedious multi-step process. The typical reporting workflow at our institution requires perusing a hardcopy of a bone age atlas to find an image matching the PACS screen, finding reference values in a table, and performing rote arithmetic to determine the progress of skeletal maturity. Read More

Authors:  Do Patrick , Krishnarao Priya

Keywords:  bone, age, skeletal, structured, report

Mousa Abeer,  Ray Alyxandra,  Halderman Kelly,  Pfeifer Cory

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-088

Differentiation of sutural variants from fractures can be a challenging topic for radiology trainees. Genetic disorders and vascular channels can create the appearance of traumatic injury and potentially suggest the diagnosis of abusive head trauma to the untrained radiologist. Likewise, expert witnesses may use alternate diagnoses to explain findings in which the current evidence basis favors a traumatic mechanism. This exhibit describes the pediatric skull with attention to the differentiation between fractures and mimics as an aid to the trainee. Read More

Authors:  Mousa Abeer , Ray Alyxandra , Halderman Kelly , Pfeifer Cory

Keywords:  Child Abuse, Cranial Sutures, Wormian Bones

Karuppiah Viswanathan Ashok Mithra,  Wilson Nagwa

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-064

A number of acquired non-traumatic diseases of myriad aetiologies involve the temporal bone in children. While some of these are also noted in adults, many diseases are specific to the pediatric age group. These can be grouped into infectious/inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular and other miscellaneous disorders.

Anatomy of the temporal bone is complex. It forms the lateral aspect of skull base and comprises of five osseous parts viz. squamous, mastoid, petrous, tympanic and styloid segments. Specific disease processes afflict each part of the temporal bone, largely dictated by its anatomy and constituent structures. Hence a structured approach to image interpretation and reporting is especially useful in this region to localise the lesion and subsequently generate differential diagnoses.

Traditionally CT has been the imaging modality of choice in assessing temporal bone lesions. However, currently, CT and MRI are deemed complimentary. CT provides exquisite details of anatomy, characterises osseous lesions, determines bony involvement/destruction and extension while MRI is highly useful in assessing intrinsic lesion characteristics due to its superior contrast resolution. In certain aetiologies such as cholesteatoma MRI is diagnostic.

This poster aims to review the anatomy of temporal bone and various common, uncommon acquired non traumatic temporal bone lesions in children.

The lesions that will be discussed in this poster are listed below:
Infectious / Inflammatory:
1. Otitis externa
2. Otitis media
3. Coalescent mastoiditis with orbital involvement
4. Bell’s Palsy
5. Guillain-Barre’ syndrome with facial palsy
Neoplastic Lesions:
1. Vestibular schwannoma
2. Rhabdomyosarcoma
3. Ewing’s sarcoma
4. Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis
5. Osteoblastoma
6. Osteoma
7. Aggressive Myofibromatosis
Vascular:
1. Carotid vasculitis secondary to petrous abscess
Miscellaneous Lesions:
1. Cholesteatoma (congenital and acquired)
2. Cholesterol granuloma Read More

Authors:  Karuppiah Viswanathan Ashok Mithra , Wilson Nagwa

Keywords:  Temporal Bone, Children, Acquired lesions

Daggumati Lasya,  Malavia Mira,  Randhawa Hari,  Towbin Richard

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-057

Acroosteolysis (AO) is a rare manifestation of bone resorption that can occur in both genders and is not limited to a specific population. AO can be familial, idiopathic, occupational or secondary. It is marked by distal phalangeal bone resorption and often arises as a secondary manifestation of underlying musculoskeletal, dermatological, or endocrine conditions. Tuft resorption is often associated with conditions like systemic sclerosis, ischemia, hyperparathyroidism, and neurologic disorders, while the destruction of the distal interphalangeal joint is more frequently observed in inflammatory conditions like psoriatic arthritis. Familial AO affects only the feet and is associated with plantar ulcerations. AO due to vinyl chloride exposure is associated with papules and nodules on the hands and forearms and thickening of the skin of the hands. Clinically, AO is marked by a gradual tapering/thinning of the bones in the distal phalanges, resulting in a narrower appearance compared to normal digits. This process is accompanied by reduced bone density in the affected areas, which can be readily observed on radiographic imaging. It is often associated with distal digital ischemia, digital calcinosis, or severe sensory neuropathy. Nail changes in AO include brachyonychia, anonychia, atrophy, transverse ridges, discoloration, thickening of the nail plate, hyperkeratosis of the cuticles, pincer nail, pitted onycholysis, longitudinal ridging, and pterygium. X-ray images typically reveal distinctive bone resorption at the fingertips and toes, while CT scans may show areas of decreased bone density or erosions in the distal phalanges. MRI can detect soft tissue alterations, joint effusion, and inflammation. Beyond the physical changes, patients may experience pain, joint deformities, and reduced functionality in the affected extremities. Treatment mainly involved managing the primary disease causing AO.

Learning Objectives:
1) To elucidate the clinical and radiological features of AO like the resorption seen in the distal phalanges.
2) To provide insight into the diverse underlying causes of AO, including associated medical conditions.
3) Understand cutaneous changes in AO to assist in the early recognition and prevention of disease progression.

Conclusion:
A comprehensive understanding of acroosteolysis, including its clinical presentation, radiological findings, and associated etiological factors, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Read More

Authors:  Daggumati Lasya , Malavia Mira , Randhawa Hari , Towbin Richard

Keywords:  Phalanges, bone resorption

Choi Young-youn

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-011

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a very rare congenital disorder associated with characteristic head and face abnormalities include bird-like face, hypotrichosis, atrophy of skin, dental abnormalities, proportionate nanism, and many ophthalmic disorders. Many patients die during infancy because of life-threatening complications, such as respiratory and cardiac problems.
Read More

Authors:  Choi Young-youn

Keywords:  characteristic head and face abnormalities, antenatal sonography, thin tubular bones, widely opened fontanelle with sutures, flattened parietal bone, mid-facial hypoplasia, failure to thrive

Bowden Jonathan,  Bowden Sasigarn,  Adler Brent,  Hu Houchun,  Krishnamurthy Rajesh,  Krishnamurthy Ramkumar

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-046

Children with Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) have increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures due to progressive muscle weakness with eventual loss of ambulation and chronic corticosteroid therapy. Their fracture prevalence is 40-60%, and increases with age. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is not reflective of fracture risk. Recent studies showed that cortical thickness and area were associated with increased facture risk. Digital X-ray measurement of the cortical thickness of the metacarpal bones can be used as a marker for metacarpal cortical health. To our knowledge, this marker of bone health has not been evaluated in DMD patients. The purpose of this study was to assess bone age (BA), cortical thickness and area of metacarpal bones in relation to age in children with DMD. Read More

Authors:  Bowden Jonathan , Bowden Sasigarn , Adler Brent , Hu Houchun , Krishnamurthy Rajesh , Krishnamurthy Ramkumar

Keywords:  Bone health, DMD, Duchenne

Daneff Monica,  Casalis Claudia,  Bruno Claudio,  Bruno Didier

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-070

Radiographic bone age determination is part of the routine evaluation of suspected growth disorders. Simplicity and low cost are its major advantages but ionizing radiation should be taken into consideration. Conventional ultrasonography (US) has proven effective to identify ossification centers of the hand and wrist between 0 and 24 months of age. It may become an innocuous follow-up tool for patients with growth disorders. We aimed to asses the chronological US emergence of the ossification centers of the hand and wrist in healthy infants between 2 and 4 years of age. Read More

Authors:  Daneff Monica , Casalis Claudia , Bruno Claudio , Bruno Didier

Keywords:  Bone age, ultrasound, Growth, ULTRASOUND

Snider Terry

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 056

Increased rates of survival of patients diagnosed with childhood cancer presents an opportunity to assess long-term effects of treatments. Bone health has been identified as one of the processes impacted by cancer treatment. Bone densitometry is a tool used for patients currently undergoing treatment for childhood cancer and hematologic diseases such as sickle cell disease and those having completed therapy. This discussion will focus on the methods used to measure bone health and some of the challenges involved in doing so. Read More

Authors:  Snider Terry

Keywords:  Bone Densitometry, Childhood cancer

Tan Timothy Shao Ern,  Teo Eu Leong Harvey James

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-062

Bone dysplasias comprise a group of congenital disorders characterized by anomalies in the development or texture of bone and cartilage, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Achondroplasia is the commonest bone dysplasia associated with rhizomelic dwarfism and is non-lethal. Other commonly encountered bone dysplasias include pseudoachondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, the mucopolysaccharidoses as well as disorders of disorganized bone development (i.e. diaphyseal aclasia, Trevor disease, enchondromatosis) and of abnormal bone density (i.e osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis, osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata and melorheostosis).

The radiological diagnosis of bone dysplasias relies heavily on pattern recognition of established skeletal changes, which is often made on plain radiographs or skeletal survey. Whilst the radiographic features of bone dysplasias are generally well described in the axial and appendicular skeleton, its appearances in the lower limb, particularly of the foot and ankle, are usually less conspicuous compared to the rest of the skeleton. Moreover, the radiographic features may also overlap between dysplasia subtypes or mimic metabolic conditions. As such, accurate detection of these features can be challenging. Hence, knowledge and recognition of the radiographic features of bone dysplasias and its mimics presenting in the foot and ankle is crucial in aiding timely diagnosis, especially when interpreted together with other skeletal changes occurring elsewhere. Moreover, as bone dysplasias may be associated with other congenital disorders, radiologists play an essential role in directing further investigations for definitive diagnosis.

Thus, the purpose of this educational exhibit is to review and familiarize radiologists with the radiographic features and pattern recognition of commonly encountered bone dysplasias occurring in the paediatric foot and ankle, so as to guide appropriate management, aimed at preventing disabling deformities.The radiographic features of the above conditions presenting in the paediatric foot and ankle will be discussed and illustrated. Read More

Authors:  Tan Timothy Shao Ern , Teo Eu Leong Harvey James

Keywords:  Bone Dysplasia, Foot, Ankle

Patel Paras,  Amar Jaspreet,  Poletto Erica

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-070

Marrow signal changes in the pediatric population are often complex and can appear nonspecific to the inexperienced radiologist. Normal physiological marrow changes from birth to adulthood play a confounding role. A good understanding for diffuse marrow replacing processes that demonstrate T1 hypointense signal on MRI is crucial for the radiologist to correctly identify pathology, provide early and pathology-specific treatment, and ultimately play a profound role in patient care. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to review the various pathological etiologies of diffuse T1 hypointense marrow signal changes in the pediatric patient, including sickle cell anemia, gaucher’s disease, leukemia, diffuse marrow metastasis, osteomyelitis, thalassemia, juvenile inflammatory arthritis, and bone marrow edema syndromes. Additionally, potential pitfalls will be discussed including red marrow hyperplasia, treatment related changes, immobilization/stress reaction, and normal residual red marrow. Case examples will be provided along with pearls that will aid the radiologist in narrowing their differential diagnosis when faced with specific clinical scenarios. Read More

Authors:  Patel Paras , Amar Jaspreet , Poletto Erica

Keywords:  Bone, Marrow, Pathological

Turner Sara

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-017 (T)

The goal of this presentation is to provide a review of the important role Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) plays in treating pediatric patients with low bone density. It also aims to educate on the different DXA machines used today, give a review of the official positions for pediatric DXA scans determined by the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD), give a brief history of the lateral distal femur (LDF) scan and why it was developed, and touch on the other modalities that can be used to asses bone density..

Osteoporosis is commonly thought of as an adult bone health issue; however recently it has gained more attention as being an issue for pediatric patients. Different factors affect bone health, such as genetics and family history, diet and exercise, certain medications, and whether a patient is ambulatory or non-ambulatory. It is important to conduct the proper testing to determine a patient’s fracture risk and trying to prevent further bone deterioration. A DXA Scan is the gold standard across all age groups in providing vital bone health information as it provides a look into the body with minimal radiation exposure to evaluate the bones to determine how much at risk a patient may be. Read More

Authors:  Turner Sara

Keywords:  DXA, Bone Density, Bone Health

Pace Erika,  Clarke Enrico,  Mandeville Henry,  De Souza Nandita

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 149

To measure and compare early (within 3 months) and late (beyond 3 months) changes in ADC of the clival marrow post-photon and proton therapy. Read More

Authors:  Pace Erika , Clarke Enrico , Mandeville Henry , De Souza Nandita

Keywords:  bone marrow, radiotherapy, proton beam therapy

Pace Erika,  Vaidya Sucheta,  De Souza Nandita

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 150

To measure early (within 3 months) and late (beyond 3 months) changes in ADC of the lumbosacral vertebral marrow following chemotherapy in children with abdomino-pelvic neoplasms and interpret them in the context of ADC measurement reproducibility. Read More

Authors:  Pace Erika , Vaidya Sucheta , De Souza Nandita

Keywords:  bone marrow, chemotherapy, abdomino-pelvic neoplasm

Miller Stephen,  Scrugham Jeffrey,  Pivnick Eniko

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-080

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy, also known as Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with osteosclerosis and cystic intramedullary bone lesions. However, the transition from generalized osteosclerosis in the young patient to the development of cystic intramedullary bone lesions in areas converting from red to yellow marrow in the growing child has not been previously described. We present a young man with congenital generalized lipodystrophy, followed in our clinic from age 5 years through age 14 years, and document the development over time of dramatic cystic lesions within previously sclerotic long bones. The location of these intramedullary bone cysts appears to mirror the transition of red (hematopoietic) to yellow (fatty) marrow in the maturing child. Recognition of this pattern may affect recommended physical activity and subsequent orthopedic management. Read More

Authors:  Miller Stephen , Scrugham Jeffrey , Pivnick Eniko

Keywords:  lipodystrophy, bone cyst, marrow

Brady Darragh

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-063

The anatomy of the temporal bone is complex and dense. Learning its complexity provides a challenge. One method to facilitate its learning is the 'method of loci' method. It is a method of memory enhancement which uses visualizations with the use of spatial memory, familiar information about one's environment, to quickly and efficiently recall information. This educational exhibit uses a simple story and imagery superimposed on the multiplanar CT images to impose a natural structure and sequence that will aide in learning how to read, and detect normal, and abnormal anatomy of the temporal bone. Read More

Authors:  Brady Darragh

Keywords:  temporal bone, education

Saguintaah Magali,  Couture Alain,  Taleb Arrada Ikram,  Bolivar Perrin Julie,  Baud Catherine,  David Stephanie,  Prodhomme Olivier

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-007

To present a MRI technic to explore the fetal petrous bone (3D high resolution MRI) and choanae, olfactory bulbs and sulci (3D whole brain sequence). To present the clinical applications in fetal detection of CHARGE syndrome. To remind the major diagnostic criteria of CHARGE syndrome. Read More

Authors:  Saguintaah Magali , Couture Alain , Taleb Arrada Ikram , Bolivar Perrin Julie , Baud Catherine , David Stephanie , Prodhomme Olivier

Keywords:  fetal petrous bone, fetal olfactory bulbs, CHARGE syndrome, 3D HR fetal MRI

Stanescu Arta,  Maloney Ezekiel,  Shaw Dennis

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 085

The long term effects of retained Gadolinium (Gd) are still under investigation, but may be of greater concern in pediatric patients.
So far several factors that appear to influence Gd retention have been described. The chemical structure of the Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) plays an important role, with linear agents showing greater deposition compared with macrocyclics, attributed to lower chelate affinity. Differences in GBCA washout may also play a role.
In this study we investigated and quantified the presence of Gd bone deposits in pediatric patients receiving GBCA as well as in controls with no known exposure. Read More

Authors:  Stanescu Arta , Maloney Ezekiel , Shaw Dennis

Keywords:  Gadolinium, Deposition, bone

Alis Jonathan,  Levin Terry,  Kurian Jessica,  Mahadeo Kris,  Taragin Benjamin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-092

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affects approximately 100,000 individuals in the US. Despite medical advances, morbidity is high and their lifespan remains shortened. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment to date and as outcomes improve its use has increased. Complications of HSCT are frequent and some literature suggests there is a higher incidence in the SCD population. In addition, preexisting vasculopathy in this population may contribute to an increased incidence of post-transplant CNS toxicity. We present the imaging findings of HCST complications in children with SCD. Read More

Authors:  Alis Jonathan , Levin Terry , Kurian Jessica , Mahadeo Kris , Taragin Benjamin

Keywords:  Graft versus host disease, bone marrow transplant, HSCT

Weber Jonathon,  Samet Jonathan,  Green Jared,  Donaldson James,  Rajeswaran Shankar

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-040

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign expansile osseous lesions which may behave locally aggressively, leading to growth plate destruction, angular deformity, and pathologic fracture. Current treatments such as curettage and bone graft reconstruction, sclerosis, and intra-arterial embolization have high recurrence rates and morbidity. Percutaneous cryoablation is a promising new treatment modality. Three patients with ABCs underwent cryoablation at our institution and follow-up MRIs over the span of a year were obtained. This is the first study of its kind to elucidate the imaging findings post-cryoablation of ABCs, which may help the radiologist interpret response to treatment. Read More

Authors:  Weber Jonathon , Samet Jonathan , Green Jared , Donaldson James , Rajeswaran Shankar

Keywords:  Cryoablation, ABC, Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Rodriguez Diana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-080

To review the embryology and anatomy of the temporal bone, with emphasis in the external and middle ear.

To describe the imaging findings of common and rare pathology of conductive hearing loss within the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Rodriguez Diana

Keywords:  Pediatric Imaging, Temporal bone, Conductive hearing loss

Degnan Andrew,  Serai Suraj,  Ho-fung Victor,  Barrera Christian,  Wang Dah-jyuu,  Ahrens-nicklas Rebecca,  Ficicioglu Can

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-057

Gaucher disease is an inherited metabolic disorder due deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase that results in the accumulation of abnormal macrophages (“Gaucher cells”) within multiple organs, most conspicuously affecting the liver, spleen and bone marrow. As the diagnosis is increasingly made during childhood and young adulthood, pediatric radiologists should be familiar with imaging features of Gaucher disease and its complications.

Visceromegaly consisting of hepatosplenomegaly is a hallmark of Gaucher disease and uniformly present in cohorts of pediatric patients. In addition, bone marrow involvement with ‘Erlenmeyer flasks’ have been long recognized as part of this disease, although the classic radiographic finding is not present until adulthood. Marrow involvement confers significant morbidity for these patients with pain, bone infarcts and pathologic fracture.

Traditionally, imaging of disease severity has been based on hepatic and splenic visceral organ enlargement and/or qualitative assessment of bone marrow involvement. However, advances in the understanding of Gaucher disease and observations of elevated ferritin levels and increased risk of hepatic fibrosis emphasize the importance of more comprehensive assessment of liver involvement beyond simple enlargement. Moreover, quantitative MRI assessment of bone fat-fractions also may have a role in assessing marrow involvement. These methods of disease assessment are important in addressing management decisions regarding enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapy. Read More

Authors:  Degnan Andrew , Serai Suraj , Ho-fung Victor , Barrera Christian , Wang Dah-jyuu , Ahrens-nicklas Rebecca , Ficicioglu Can

Keywords:  Gaucher disease, bone marrow, hepatic involvement

Keehn Brian,  Patel Mittun,  Peterson Michael,  Dance Logan,  Biyyam Deepa,  Pokorney Amber,  Barnes Craig

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-071

Radiologists have classically been taught the imaging findings of skeletal “Don’t touch lesions” on radiographs. The radiologist's goal is to best characterize these boney lesions and avoid tissue biopsy, especially since some bone lesions are misleading when viewed histologically, with nonaggressive lesions appearing aggressive. Many of these classical “Don’t touch lesions” are now being further evaluated with contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI findings of these radiographically classical lesions are not as well understood by radiologists with less MRI experience. We will provide an education exhibit to display MRI and corresponding radiographic appearances of characteristic “Don’t touch lesions”. Read More

Authors:  Keehn Brian , Patel Mittun , Peterson Michael , Dance Logan , Biyyam Deepa , Pokorney Amber , Barnes Craig

Keywords:  Don't touch lesions, benign bone lesions

Raissaki Maria,  Demetriou Stelios,  Skiadas Christos,  Spanakis Kostas,  Stratigaki Maria,  Katzilakis Nikos,  Stiakaki Eftichia,  Karantanas Apostolos

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-012

There are various conditions or diseases that may cause multiple bone marrow lesions in children or adolescents. Radiographically, lytic lesions may become apparent after loss of >50% of bone mineral content. Scintigraphy requires osteoblastic activity and is not specific. MRI has been increasingly employed for the investigation of diseases that involve the skeleton and for further delineation of radiographic findings in symptomatic children.
Purpose: To describe the MRI findings of entities resulting in multiple bone marrow lesions in children and provide a wide differential diagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Raissaki Maria , Demetriou Stelios , Skiadas Christos , Spanakis Kostas , Stratigaki Maria , Katzilakis Nikos , Stiakaki Eftichia , Karantanas Apostolos

Keywords:  bone marrow, polyostotic, multifocal bone lesions, mri

Gendler Liya,  Ho-fung Victor,  Degnan Andrew,  Sze Raymond,  Nguyen Michael,  Hong Shijie,  Chang Benjamin,  Arkader Alexandre,  Nguyen Jie

Final Pr. ID: Alt #: 003

Osteoid osteomas of the hands and feet can be very challenging diagnoses to make. We attempt to assess diagnostic features to aid in detection and prevent delay of treatment. Read More

Authors:  Gendler Liya , Ho-fung Victor , Degnan Andrew , Sze Raymond , Nguyen Michael , Hong Shijie , Chang Benjamin , Arkader Alexandre , Nguyen Jie

Keywords:  Osteoid Osteoma, Benign Bone Tumor, MRI

Kelleher Michael

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-035

The purpose of this educational exhibit is to describe the most common pediatric bone marrow patterns, including normal variants and common pathology. Read More

Authors:  Kelleher Michael

Keywords:  MR, Bone marrow

Dabrowiecki Alexander,  Gill Anne,  Hawkins C. Matthew

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-036

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are expansile lytic lesions and can cause significant disability and pain most commonly seen in patients 10-30 years old. This study evaluates the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of percutaneous management of ABCs in pediatric and adolescent patients.
Read More

Authors:  Dabrowiecki Alexander , Gill Anne , Hawkins C. Matthew

Keywords:  Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, Percutaneous therapy

Farrell Crystal,  Pareek Anuj,  Muehe Anne,  Pribnow Allison,  Steffner Robert,  Avedian Raffi,  Daldrup-link Heike

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-088

PET/MR is a valuable and growing imaging method for the assessment and management of pediatric bone tumors. Although plain radiography remains the first line modality for initial evaluation, cross sectional imaging is often required for further characterization of indeterminate or aggressive appearing lesions. Due to its superior soft tissue contrast resolution compared to CT, MR has become the mainstay in tissue characterization, locoregional staging, and surgical planning of pediatric bone tumors. By adding functional and metabolic information, FDG-PET imaging is useful for “one stop” local tumor and whole-body staging, evaluating response to therapy and surveillance. 18F-FDG PET/MR scans have the benefit of lower radiation and increased patient convenience compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. However, due to the relatively recent development of this technology, many radiologists may be unfamiliar with the technical considerations and interpretation pearls and pitfalls of PET/MR. This educational exhibit reviews the imaging technique, reporting requirements, and imaging characteristics of the most common pediatric bone tumors with 18F-FDG PET/MR. Read More

Authors:  Farrell Crystal , Pareek Anuj , Muehe Anne , Pribnow Allison , Steffner Robert , Avedian Raffi , Daldrup-link Heike

Keywords:  PET/MR, bone tumor, cancer

Samet Jonathan,  Schafernak Kristian,  Arva Nicoleta,  Deng Jie

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-049

MRI interpretation of pediatric bone marrow is a challenging task due to the highly variable appearance. The bone marrow composition, especially the cellularity, changes with age, benign and malignant hematologic conditions, medications, among other etiologies. Detection of a marrow replacement process on MRI can be missed even by experienced radiologists. Normal hematopoietic bone marrow from birth to 9 years ranges from 20-40% fat (inversely related to cellularity). In malignant marrow replacement processes such as leukemia, bone marrow is highly cellular and fat percentage is low. Currently, no technique is routinely used in clinical practice to quantify bone marrow fat percentage on MRI. Read More

Authors:  Samet Jonathan , Schafernak Kristian , Arva Nicoleta , Deng Jie

Keywords:  Bone Marrow, Fat fraction, leukemia

Pace Erika,  De Souza Nandita

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 151

To establish the reproducibility of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement in the bone marrow of the clivus and lumbosacral spine. Read More

Authors:  Pace Erika , De Souza Nandita

Keywords:  bone marrow, reproducibility, apparent diffusion coefficient