Ramirez Suarez Karen,  Miranda Schaeubinger Monica,  Barton Katherine,  Riedesel Erica,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-022

The Choosing Wisely initiative, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation in collaboration with over 80 medical societies and organizations, was launched in 2012 in the United States and Canada. Choosing Wisely is a response to the estimation that roughly 20% of current medical tests and therapies lack justification, provide no value, and may pose risks. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) became a participant in Choosing Wisely from the start, resulting in 16 pediatric specialty-specific lists designed to assist AAP members in responsible healthcare resource management. While pediatric radiology did not develop its own list, imaging recommendations were included on fully half of the published AAP/Choosing Wisely lists. Read More

Authors:  Ramirez Suarez Karen , Miranda Schaeubinger Monica , Barton Katherine , Riedesel Erica , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  Pediatric, Imaging, Radiology

Brahee Deborah,  Towbin Alexander

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-028

Pediatric pathology involving the jejunum is more common than one might initially expect. Early recognition of the important imaging characteristic, atypical findings, and useful imaging tools/techniques in the evaluation of jejunal pathology is important in prompt diagnosis and management of these patients.

In this educational exhibit we will present a series of cases involving pathology of the jejunum encountered in the pediatric population. We will focus on important pathologies affecting a difficult to image and sometimes forgotten portion of the intestine.

A range of acute, emergent and post-surgical cases are presented. Using an interactive, quiz based approach we will discuss the following pediatric pathologies that may affect the jejunum of pediatric patients from neonates to teenagers with multimodality imaging and pathologic examples:
Atresia
Meconium plug syndrome
Pneumatosis
Enteritis
Foreign body
Small bowel intussusception
Lymphoma
Ischemia/shock
Hernia
Graft versus host disease
Trauma
Vasculitis Read More

Authors:  Brahee Deborah , Towbin Alexander

Keywords:  Gastrointestinal, Pediatric, Imaging

Maleki Nazanin,  Amiruddin Raisa,  States Lisa,  Aboian Mariam

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-075

PET/MRI plays a significant role in Pediatric Oncology, but its implementation in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology has not been well established. PET/MRI addresses a major challenge in pediatrics by providing capability for serial imaging to track disease response to therapy, while minimizing radiation exposure and sedation events. PET/MRI has become a critical imaging modality in the management of pediatric brain neoplasms and metastases, aiding in diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and follow-up, all while reducing radiation burden, minimizing time spent in the hospital, and reducing the number of sedation events.
At our tertiary center for pediatric care, we have gained extensive experience in utilizing hybrid PET/MRI to manage complex cases referred from multiple institutions. We present a series of cases where hybrid PET/MRI provided critical information for patient management including nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma, refractory metastatic germ cell tumor, and neuroblastoma. We offer a forward-looking perspective on the current role of FDG PET/MRI and future applications of amino acid PET in improving patient outcomes and its role in distinguishing tumor progression from post-treatment changes. Amino acid PET/MRI use cases were compiled from literature review and demonstrate definitive roles of amino acid PET/MRI in decision making in brain tumor diagnosis, immediate post-surgical assessment, and delayed treatment response assessment.
18F-FDG PET/MRI representative cases from clinical practice:
Case 1.
18 year old male with refractory metastatic germ cell tumor with anterior mediastinal mass and intracranial metastasis
Clinical Problem: Whole body evaluation in addition to detailed analysis of brain metastases in time efficient manner.
Imaging Solution: PET/MRI allowed detailed evaluation of hypermetabolic metastatic disease to the mediastinum and lungs and further detailed delineation of hemorrhagic brain metastases.
Case2.
4 year old boy with history of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma with cerebellar metastasis who underwent resection and chemoradiation.
Clincial Problem: How to monitor nasopharyngeal mass after treatment in the setting of extensive postsurgical changes on MRI
Imaging Solution: PET/MRI provides an excellent imaging method for monitoring disease recurrence in the setting of post-treatment changes in nasopharyngeal location. Recurrent tumor was identified as hypermetabolic lesion, while MRI was not definitive. Read More

Authors:  Maleki Nazanin , Amiruddin Raisa , States Lisa , Aboian Mariam

Keywords:  PET-MRI, Pediatric Imaging, Brain Tumors

Chauhan Ankita,  Dillard Roger

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-076

Children often present to the emergency room (ER) with painful neck swelling, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Careful clinical examination and good communication with pediatric physicians help plan the appropriate imaging workup for such pediatric patients. Knowing the various imaging appearances of the many encountered disorders of the neck in children further helps diagnose and plan the most appropriate management. Read More

Authors:  Chauhan Ankita , Dillard Roger

Keywords:  Neck, Pediatric, Imaging

Podury Ruchika,  Dagar Saloni,  Weiss Danielle,  Amodio John,  Blumfield Einat,  Levin Terry

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-035

Intraluminal post bulbar duodenal masses in children may be solid or cystic, congenital, neoplastic or post traumatic. The aim of this educational exhibit is to present the imaging findings of these duodenal masses using fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and discuss the role of imaging. In addition, the clinical implications of these entities will be discussed. The cases will include: duodenal duplication cyst, duodenal web, choledochocele, duodenal hematoma, and duodenal adenoma. Read More

Authors:  Podury Ruchika , Dagar Saloni , Weiss Danielle , Amodio John , Blumfield Einat , Levin Terry

Keywords:  Duodenum, Abdominal Imaging, Pediatric Imaging

Rodriguez Diana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-080

To review the embryology and anatomy of the temporal bone, with emphasis in the external and middle ear.

To describe the imaging findings of common and rare pathology of conductive hearing loss within the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Rodriguez Diana

Keywords:  Pediatric Imaging, Temporal bone, Conductive hearing loss

Dehaye Amanda,  Silva Cicero,  Darge Kassa,  Prabhu Sanjay,  Andronikou Savvas,  Laya Bernard,  Coley Brian,  Boechat Ines

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-105

Purpose: Created in 2011, WFPI has spent the last 5 years overcoming geographic, temporal, cultural and linguistic distances to define its added value in the global imaging arena. Have the efforts been worth it? Read More

Authors:  Dehaye Amanda , Silva Cicero , Darge Kassa , Prabhu Sanjay , Andronikou Savvas , Laya Bernard , Coley Brian , Boechat Ines

Keywords:  World Federation of Pediatric Imaging, Global Pediatric Imaging, International Collaboration

Mannuru Sravani,  Hui Jessica,  Lai Lillian

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-089

Pediatric adrenal masses are rare but significant findings in clinical radiology, requiring careful evaluation due to their varied etiologies ranging from benign lesions to malignant tumors. For radiology residents, fellows, and attending radiologists, a systematic approach is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. This review highlights key imaging pearls and common pitfalls associated with pediatric adrenal lesions. The "pearls" include recognizing age-specific differentials, the importance of correlating clinical and biochemical findings, and the utility of advanced imaging techniques such as MRI for tissue characterization. Neuroblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric adrenal tumor, should be distinguished from benign entities like adrenal hemorrhage or hyperplasia based on imaging characteristics such as calcification, organ displacement, and vascular encasement. In contrast, pitfalls often arise from misinterpreting normal anatomic variations or failing to account for the dynamic nature of some lesions, such as hemorrhage or pheochromocytoma, which may change in size or appearance over time. Furthermore, the overlap in imaging features between benign and malignant lesions can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating clinical, laboratory, and imaging data to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Understanding the pearls and pitfalls of pediatric adrenal mass imaging will aid radiologists in providing more accurate and timely diagnoses, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Read More

Authors:  Mannuru Sravani , Hui Jessica , Lai Lillian

Keywords:  Abdominal Imaging, Adrenal, Pediatric Imaging

Zhang Zhongwei,  Barhaghi Krystle,  Tao Ting,  Murray Kari

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-017

Pediatric body MRI is a highly effective imaging modality that enables precise characterization of diverse medical conditions. However, it comes with daily challenges, including accommodating variations in patient size, managing breath-hold difficulties, potential sedation needs, addressing patient comfort and anxiety, and the importance of minimizing RF energy deposition and contrast agent use. To become proficient in interpreting body MRI, it is essential to understand the techniques and clinical applications of each pulse sequence and learn how to use them for accurate tissue characterization.

In this ABC guide, we employ the structured approach of “clinical images - techniques – physics” to bridge the gap between practical application and the theoretical foundation of pediatric body MRI. It serves as a comprehensive roadmap, helping learners gain a profound understanding of not only what they are observing in the images but also the underlying reasons and mechanisms that give rise to these images.

We will present body MRI techniques in 4 categories: qualitative MRI sequences, quantitative MRI sequences, artifact recognition, and “how to”. In each category, our approach will encompass data acquisition, fundamental physical principles, imaging characteristics, and the essential groundwork for interpretation. These teachings are firmly grounded in our institutional MRI protocol for pediatric body MRI, providing a comprehensive and practical understanding of the subject.
The education poster will be divided as follows:
1. Qualitative MRI Sequences:
- T2-Weighted and Heavy T2-Weighted Imaging
- Pre- and Post-Contrast T1-Weighted Imaging
- Mixed T2/T1 Contrast Imaging:
- Cartesian, Radial, or Spiral-based k-space data acquisition: Detailed explanations of various k-space sampling methods will be provided.
- The Role of Magnetization Preparation Techniques
- The Role of Physiological Control
2. Quantitative MRI Sequences:
- Measurement of T1 and T2 Relaxation Times
- Measurement of ADC and Diffusion MRI Techniques
- Measurement of Stiffness of Liver and MR Elastography Techniques
- Liver Iron Quantification
3. Common Body MRI Artifacts in Pediatric Patients: A wide array of artifacts, including motion artifacts, susceptibility artifacts, and aliasing artifacts, among others, will be thoroughly covered.
4. How to…
- Address Body MRI Image Quality Issues
- Safely Scan Pediatric Patients with Implants Read More

Authors:  Zhang Zhongwei , Barhaghi Krystle , Tao Ting , Murray Kari

Keywords:  Body MRI, Physics, Pediatric Imaging

Shah Isha,  Joshi Priscilla

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-082

The dengue virus, an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, is typically considered non-neurotropic. Dengue encephalitis is caused by four strains DENV1 to DENV4. While the dengue virus generally does not affect the nervous system, DENV2 and DENV3 can be neurotropic. Symptoms of dengue encephalitis include headaches, seizures, and changes in consciousness.

In dengue encephalitis, areas most commonly affected are the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, cortical white matter, periventricular white matter, and cortical gray matter. On T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences, these areas appear hyperintense, while on T1-weighted images, the lesions may be iso- or hypointense. Micro-hemorrhages show as blooming on susceptibility-weighted MRI. MRI is essential for the initial assessment of suspected dengue encephalitis and for patients with dengue fever experiencing worsening neurological symptoms.

Our presentation highlights the need to understand the relevant imaging findings and possible causes of neurological issues in dengue-infected patients, as this is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, leading to better outcomes. Read More

Authors:  Shah Isha , Joshi Priscilla

Keywords:  Neuroradiology, Infection, Pediatric Imaging

Bauer Kimberly

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-01 (R)

Since children are more susceptible to the potential effects of ionizing radiation, every opportunity to lower pediatric radiation dose will be explored. Read More

Authors:  Bauer Kimberly

Keywords:  Dose Reduction, Pediatric Imaging