Ramirez Suarez Karen,  Miranda Schaeubinger Monica,  Barton Katherine,  Riedesel Erica,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-022

The Choosing Wisely initiative, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation in collaboration with over 80 medical societies and organizations, was launched in 2012 in the United States and Canada. Choosing Wisely is a response to the estimation that roughly 20% of current medical tests and therapies lack justification, provide no value, and may pose risks. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) became a participant in Choosing Wisely from the start, resulting in 16 pediatric specialty-specific lists designed to assist AAP members in responsible healthcare resource management. While pediatric radiology did not develop its own list, imaging recommendations were included on fully half of the published AAP/Choosing Wisely lists. Read More

Authors:  Ramirez Suarez Karen , Miranda Schaeubinger Monica , Barton Katherine , Riedesel Erica , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  Pediatric, Imaging, Radiology

Markowitz Richard

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-011

This poster reviews the early origins of the SPR, how it came to be, and who were the leaders who were responsible for its creation. These leaders and “giants” went on to train others who carried on their work and expanded it. Today, most pediatric radiologists can trace their professional genealogy back to one of the original founders of the SPR. As the SPR has grown and developed, it has become more inclusive and diverse. Twelve outstanding women have been presidents of the SPR since 1977. From the original goal of sharing a few cases among friends, it has grown into a mature, scientifically based platform for the creation and dissemination of new and cutting-edge developments in the field of pediatric imaging. We owe a debt of gratitude to those who preceded us; we remain inspired by them; and we carry forward their commitment, wisdom, and dedication to advancing the best practices to enhance children’s health. Read More

Authors:  Markowitz Richard

Keywords:  Education, Imaging, Pediatric Radiology

Mccauley Robert,  Pierre Kevin,  Yekeler Ensar,  Sharma Priya,  Rodero Cardoso Mariana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-027

Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra spp. That is seldom encountered in humans. Clinical presentations are often nonspecific, and imaging findings can mimic other soft tissue lesions and lead to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 14-year-old female with an abdominal wall lesion initially suspected to be cutaneous endometriosis, which was later diagnosed as sparganosis.

Case Presentation:
A 14-year-old female presented with a progressively enlarging, tender subcutaneous mass located superior and left of the umbilicus. The lesion was associated with intermittent pain, particularly exacerbated during menstruation, which raised clinical suspicion for cutaneous endometriosis. Abdominal MRI revealed a 2.5 cm subcutaneous mass with heterogeneous signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Areas of hyperintensity suggested hemorrhagic components, which can be seen with endometriotic implants.

The patient underwent surgical excision of the mass. Intraoperatively, a well-defined subcutaneous lesion was removed without complications. Histopathological examination unexpectedly revealed a cestode consistent with Spirometra spp. (sparganosis), along with mixed inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and focal necrosis. The cystic structure corresponded to the parasite's infection site. Postoperative management included prescribing albendazole therapy following stool sample collection to rule out residual parasitic infection.

Discussion:

Sparganosis is an uncommon parasitic infection in humans that is typically acquired through ingestion of contaminated water or undercooked meat from intermediate hosts. It often presents as a slowly growing subcutaneous mass, which can be mistaken for other soft tissue lesions such as lipomas, cysts, or, as in this case, endometriosis. Imaging findings are nonspecific; MRI may show cystic or solid masses with variable enhancement patterns. In this patient, MRI findings closely resembled cutaneous endometriosis due to the presence of hemorrhagic components within the lesion.

Definitive diagnosis of sparganosis is usually established postoperatively via histopathological identification of the parasite. This case demonstrates the importance of considering parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous masses. Read More

Authors:  Mccauley Robert , Pierre Kevin , Yekeler Ensar , Sharma Priya , Rodero Cardoso Mariana

Keywords:  MRI, Infection, Pediatric Radiology

Morales-tisnés Tatiana,  Miranda Schaeubinger Monica,  Yaya Carlos,  Milla Sarah,  Heller Richard,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-025

Access to healthcare, and in particular to pediatric subspecialties, including pediatric radiology, is limited. Increasingly limited access creates or accentuates preexisting disparities and injustices. However, because of the complexity of the issue, it is difficult to objectively study and quantify it. This exhibit will describe current barriers to pediatric radiology access, available research tools and methodologies that can help us measure the impact of such barriers. Then, we propose a research agenda to systematically approach the problem. Read More

Authors:  Morales-tisnés Tatiana , Miranda Schaeubinger Monica , Yaya Carlos , Milla Sarah , Heller Richard , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  Pediatric radiology, Access to healthcare, Research agenda

Joshi Aparna,  Kalra Kunal

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-062

The number of reconstruction surgeries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in pediatric patients has risen dramatically over the past two decades as a result of changes in treatment philosophy and perhaps frequency of injury. It is therefore important for pediatric radiologists to recognize the normal postoperative appearance of the different surgeries as well as their complications. This educational exhibit will review the types of reconstructive methods used in both skeletally immature and mature patients (physeal-sparing, partial transphyseal and transphyseal), complications (growth disturbances, graft failure, impingement, arthrofibrosis, intra-articular bodies) and relevant imaging findings on plain radiography and MRI. Read More

Authors:  Joshi Aparna , Kalra Kunal

Keywords:  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, pediatric, radiology

Qi Jing,  Eutsler Eric,  Siegel Marilyn

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-068

Dual-energy CT (DECT) refers to the acquisition of CT datasets at two different energy spectra, which allows differentiation and classification of tissues. The purpose of this this poster is to describe post-processing algorithms and clinical applications of DECT in children on a dual-source CT system. Read More

Authors:  Qi Jing , Eutsler Eric , Siegel Marilyn

Keywords:  Dual energy CT, Pediatric Radiology, Clinical application

Lins De Carvalho Tiago,  Voss Stephan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-084

This educational exhibit provides an overview of the role radiotracers play in diagnosing, staging, and treating neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in pediatric patients, particularly those associated with certain cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS), which are linked to an increased incidence of neuroendocrine tumors, including pheochromocytoma, and paraganglioma (PPGL). Read More

Authors:  Lins De Carvalho Tiago , Voss Stephan

Keywords:  Nuclear Medicine, Neuroblastoma, Pediatric Radiology

Infante Ignacio,  Mackintosh Cecilia,  Anoni Clara,  Otero Eduardo,  Galeano Monica

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-012 (S)

The objective of this review is to summarize the earliest radiological findings of AMC (arthrogryposis multiplex congenital), detail the most frequently affected joints, identify associated syndromes, and expose the radiological findings in children whose therapy was delayed. Read More

Authors:  Infante Ignacio , Mackintosh Cecilia , Anoni Clara , Otero Eduardo , Galeano Monica

Keywords:  joint contractures, associated syndromes, pediatric radiology

Ilivitzki Anat,  Scolnik Michal

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-095

In this pictorial essay on typical and atypical lung metastases in pediatric patients, we aim to assist radiologists in identifying suspicious features on CT scans. Our goal is to guide decisions regarding follow-up imaging to ensure a timely diagnosis, enabling children to receive prompt and potentially lifesaving treatment. Read More

Authors:  Ilivitzki Anat , Scolnik Michal

Keywords:  CT Chest, Pediatric Radiology, Oncology

Malavia Mira,  Rivard Douglas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-068

Ischial tuberosity avulsion fractures, though not uncommon in adolescent athletes, are often overlooked or misdiagnosed. These fractures occur more frequently in males than females. Primary cause of this fracture type is usually a sudden eccentric load on the proximal hamstrings, typically seen during a kicking action in dance, football, or soccer. Due to the limited use of imaging in the evaluation of such injuries, these fractures often are misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Recent injuries warrant more conservative management, including rest and relative immobilization. In cases of late diagnosis, delayed healing, or persistent symptomatology, surgical intervention can be undertaken to restore normal anatomy, alleviate symptoms, and facilitate healing. Minimally invasive CT-guided percutaneous needle fenestration has been introduced for symptomatic delayed union ischial tuberosity fractures in adolescents. This percutaneous procedure involves the creation of multiple channels into the bone at the fracture site with an 18 gauge Chiba needle via image guided needle fenestration to enhance blood flow and promote healing of the target area. Following this, a tailored physical therapy program is implemented based on patient symptomatology, individual tissue healing rates, and the current literature related to proximal hamstring injuries. Outcomes to this minimally invasive approach have been promising including cases of complete pain relief, full functional recovery, and a return to sports without limitations.

Outline of Teaching Points:
Ischial tuberosity avulsion fractures are common in adolescent athletes, with a higher incidence in males, caused by sudden eccentric loads on proximal hamstrings during activities like dance, football, or soccer.
Due to limited imaging use, these fractures are often overlooked or misdiagnosed, leading to delayed healing or persistent symptoms.
Recent injuries may benefit from conservative management, involving rest and relative immobilization.
Surgical intervention becomes necessary for late diagnoses, delayed healing, or persistent symptoms to restore normal anatomy and alleviate symptoms.
Minimally invasive CT-guided percutaneous needle fenestration has shown promising outcomes, facilitating healing with complete pain relief and a return to sports without limitations. Read More

Authors:  Malavia Mira , Rivard Douglas

Keywords:  fracture, interventional radiology

Gleason Miranda,  Moredock Elisabeth,  Parish David,  Pfeifer Cory

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-021

The practice of performing dedicated breast ultrasounds in the pediatric emergency department varies according to institution. In the adult population, breast ultrasounds are commonly interpreted by dedicated breast imagers and/or radiologists appropriately qualified to interpret mammograms. Children's hospitals with dedicated pediatric radiology faculty are less likely to have such individuals on staff. This paper examines the practice of breast ultrasounds ordered in the emergency department throughout a large children's health system. Read More

Authors:  Gleason Miranda , Moredock Elisabeth , Parish David , Pfeifer Cory

Keywords:  Breast Abscess, Breast Ultrasound, Emergency Radiology

Lall Neil,  Spaeth-cook Douglas,  Ho Mai Lan,  Zucker Evan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great promise in pediatric radiology, but its adoption has been slower compared to adult imaging. Although a 2022 special issue of Pediatric Radiology highlighted potential AI applications, the number of FDA-cleared AI algorithms for pediatric radiology remains limited. As of October 2024, out of 333 FDA-cleared AI Software-as-a-Medical-Device (SaMD) tools, only 26 (8%) are applicable to pediatric imaging, despite children comprising 22% of the U.S. population. More strikingly, only three (<1%) of these SaMD tools are specifically designed for pediatric use, focusing on dental cavity detection, bone age assessment, and hip dysplasia. This educational exhibit showcases the different types of FDA-cleared SaMD AI algorithms designated for use in pediatric radiology and identifies the clinical needs being served as well as those that have yet to be addressed. Additionally, the exhibit will explore the discordance in the development of AI imaging tools for the pediatric population compared to adults, highlighting risks created by this gap and addressing the reasons for such a disparity. Read More

Authors:  Lall Neil , Spaeth-cook Douglas , Ho Mai Lan , Zucker Evan

Keywords:  Artificial Intelligence, Pediatric Radiology, Informatics

Khan Muhammad

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-021

The American Board of radiology(ABR) and society for pediatric Radiology (SPR) are working to adress the shortage of pediatric radiologists in the United States. This educational exhibit presents a brief overview of the pathways to become board certified in pediatric radiologist.

1- CONVENTIONAL PATHWAY:
- Intern Year (PGY-1).
- Diagnostic Radiology Residency (PGY-2 to PGY-5): Four years of comprehensive radiology training.
- Pediatric Radiology Fellowship (1 Year): Specialized training in pediatric imaging.

2- ABR ALTERNATE PATHWAY

Designed for international medical graduates.
-Home country radiology residency
-Completed USMLEs
-Four years at a U.S. institution having ACGME accredited residency program. Four years can be completed as combination of residency/ fellowship/attending in academic program.

3- ABR 15-month pediatric radiology residency pathway
- 15 months of pediatric experience during 48 months DR residency.
- No requirement for additional pediatric radiology fellowship. Read More

Authors:  Khan Muhammad

Keywords:  Career Choice, Paediatric Radiology

Petrosyan Lilit,  Ayvazyan Sona

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-008

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population, comprising less than 1% of all pediatric malignancies. NPC typically occurs in older children and adolescents, with the highest incidence between ages 10-19, and there may be a slight male predominance.
A 14-year-old boy presented with a 2-week history of earache, hearing loss, headache, fever, neck pain, and palpable enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Ultrasound revealed bilateral cervical lymphadenitis. Upon physical examination, the throat appeared hyperemic. Blood tests showed moderately elevated inflammatory markers. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with cervical lymphadenitis, right-sided otitis, and eustachitis. Antibiotic therapy was initiated, resulting in mild improvement; however, the primary symptoms persisted.
Serological testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was negative. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed due to the suspicion of an abscess. The CT revealed a hypervascular mass measuring 4.3x3.3cm in the nasopharynx, extending into the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces from the right side, significantly narrowing the nasopharyngeal airway. Cervical lymphadenopathy was also noted, particularly on the right side.
Given the imaging findings, a differential diagnosis was considered between lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A pediatric oncology consultation was obtained, and biopsies of both the retropharyngeal mass and cervical lymph nodes were performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in pediatric patients often presents with non-specific symptoms, contributing to diagnostic delays. Cervical lymphadenopathy is frequently the primary clinical finding, typically manifesting as painless enlarged neck lymph nodes. Other common symptoms include nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, and ear-related issues such as otitis media with effusion, hearing loss, or tinnitus due to eustachian tube dysfunction. In cases presenting with these symptoms, imaging with CT or MRI has an important role for early diagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Petrosyan Lilit , Ayvazyan Sona

Keywords:  Lymphadenopathy, Oncology, Paediatric Radiology

Mannuru Sravani,  Hui Jessica,  Lai Lillian

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-018

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (EPS) and cystic neuroblastoma (CN) are rare pediatric thoracoabdominal masses with distinct yet sometimes overlapping imaging features, posing diagnostic challenges for radiologists. Accurate differentiation is crucial for guiding clinical management and preventing unnecessary interventions. This review focuses on comparing the imaging characteristics of EPS and CN, with emphasis on key features that aid in distinguishing between these entities. EPS typically presents as a well-defined, homogenous mass located near the lower lobes of the lung, often with systemic arterial supply visualized on contrast-enhanced imaging. It may exhibit smooth margins and is commonly identified in neonates and infants. Conversely, cystic neuroblastoma, while rarer, typically manifests as a retroperitoneal mass, often arising from the adrenal gland, with a more complex appearance, including cystic and solid components. Calcifications, which are frequently seen in neuroblastoma, may provide a critical clue for diagnosis, while the absence of systemic arterial supply differentiates it from EPS. Pitfalls arise from the potential overlap in appearance, such as fluid-filled or cystic components within both lesions, which may lead to confusion. Additionally, both lesions may be incidentally discovered on prenatal or early postnatal imaging, necessitating careful evaluation of ancillary features such as vascular supply, location, and internal characteristics to ensure accurate diagnosis. This review offers radiology residents, fellows, and attending radiologists a comprehensive comparison of EPS and CN imaging findings, with a focus on avoiding common diagnostic traps. Understanding these key differences enhances diagnostic confidence, promotes appropriate management, and improves outcomes for pediatric patients. Read More

Authors:  Mannuru Sravani , Hui Jessica , Lai Lillian

Keywords:  Pediatric Radiology, Abdominal Imaging, Chest

Diederichs Chad,  Heath Alana,  Mabee Myles,  Hareendranathan Abhilash,  Zonoobi Dornoosh,  Thompson Adrienne,  Jaremko Jacob

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-042

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital problem affecting up to 3% of the the population. If untreated, DDH may lead to hip dislocation and premature osteoarthritis. Current DDH diagnosis is highly operator-dependent as it relies on 2D ultrasound. 3D ultrasound offers more complete, and potentially more reliable, imaging of infant hip geometry. However, it is unclear whether 3D ultrasound images, noisy with artifacts and reconstructed by proprietary algorithms from non-parallel beams, give accurate 3D shape information. We sought to validate the fidelity of acetabular surface models obtained by 3D ultrasound by comparison with those obtained concurrently from MRI. Read More

Authors:  Diederichs Chad , Heath Alana , Mabee Myles , Hareendranathan Abhilash , Zonoobi Dornoosh , Thompson Adrienne , Jaremko Jacob

Keywords:  DDH, 3D ultrasound, MRI, pediatric radiology, hip dysplasia

Galvis Ingrid,  Kvist Ola,  Jarrett Delma

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-064

Bowing of the lower extremities is a common presentation in pediatric patients and may represent either normal physiologic development or an underlying pathologic process requiring medical or surgical intervention. Radiologists play an essential role in distinguishing between benign developmental variants and serious bone disorders, including nutritional deficiencies, metabolic bone disease, and skeletal dysplasias. Conditions such as rickets, scurvy, and Blount's disease have distinct etiologies but often present with overlapping radiologic features—most notably metaphyseal abnormalities, osteopenia, and angular deformities—that can obscure diagnosis and delay appropriate treatment.

This educational poster presents a structured, pattern-based approach to evaluating pediatric bowing disorders, integrating clinical presentation, age, and characteristic imaging findings. Key radiographic parameters include the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle, tibiofemoral angle measurements, and assessment of the Drennan angle for differentiating infantile Blount's disease from physiologic bowing. Age-specific thresholds guide management: physiologic bowing typically resolves by 18-24 months, whereas progression beyond age 2 years or asymmetric involvement warrants investigation for pathologic etiologies. Age-specific diagnostic criteria and systematic assessment of metaphyseal morphology form the foundation of our approach. We highlight key differentiating features for scurvy, rickets (including hypophosphatemic forms), Blount's disease, and other mimickers such as osteogenesis imperfecta and skeletal dysplasias. Emphasis is placed on early recognition of red flags, interpretation of radiographic and MRI findings, and understanding imaging pitfalls that can lead to misdiagnosis. Using comparative imaging examples and diagnostic algorithms, this poster aims to enhance the radiologist's ability to confidently diagnose and differentiate pediatric bowing deformities, improving clinical outcomes and reducing unnecessary interventions. Read More

Authors:  Galvis Ingrid , Kvist Ola , Jarrett Delma

Keywords:  Musculoskeletal, Metabolic Disorder, Paediatric Radiology

Shelmerdine Susan,  Lacroix Caroline,  Chavhan Govind,  Doria Andrea

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-044

1) Determine differences in characteristics of studies published within high impact radiology and medical journals journals in comparison to a Pediatric Radiology journal.

2) Outline factors that may have contributed to differences in quality of design of studies and components that could be incorporated into the design of future pediatric radiology research studies in order to improve their quality. Read More

Authors:  Shelmerdine Susan , Lacroix Caroline , Chavhan Govind , Doria Andrea

Keywords:  Research, Publication, Study Design, Pediatric Radiology journal

Derbew Hermon Miliard,  Hailu Tigist,  Salah Fathia Omar,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-007

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after more than 12 years of in-person programming, our educational collaboration with radiology trainees from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Ethiopia was interrupted. Similar to many US based programs, conferences were transitioned to a virtual format. Since January 2021, we have offered weekly hour-long Friday Case review sessions to residents and fellows from Addis Ababa University. After the first 4 months in which only 2 faculty members presented every week, the opportunity for additional volunteers was offered to all faculty members and the program continued. Here, we describe the results of the last 6 months of the teaching sessions. Read More

Authors:  Derbew Hermon Miliard , Hailu Tigist , Salah Fathia Omar , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  global, education, pediatric radiology

Rooks Elizabeth,  Rousslang Lee,  Meldrum Jaren,  Ishikawa Kyle,  Chen John,  Rousslang Nikki,  Nayiga Joyce,  Destigter Kristen

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-015

Resident trainees in East Africa are challenged in learning pediatric radiology due to limited access to subspecialty knowledge and mentorship. The ubiquitous use of smartphones provides the opportunity to use free instant messaging apps to deliver medical education. To test this approach, we delivered case-based modules via WhatsApp to residents to assess knowledge of pediatric radiology and elicited their feedback for evaluation. Read More

Authors:  Rooks Elizabeth , Rousslang Lee , Meldrum Jaren , Ishikawa Kyle , Chen John , Rousslang Nikki , Nayiga Joyce , Destigter Kristen

Keywords:  Pediatric Radiology, East Africa, Education

Derbew Hermon Miliard,  Yaya Carlos,  Noor Abass,  Miranda Schaeubinger Monica,  Dennis Rebecca,  Jalloul Mohammad,  Mekete Yadel,  Wang Xinmeng,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-004

International clinical observerships in pediatric radiology offer benefits such as academic collaboration and brand recognition. However, they also introduce additional administrative burden, scheduling difficulties, increased faculty workload for the host institution, and regulatory and financial challenges for observers. In January 2021, the observer program at a US-based teaching hospital's radiology department was relaunched following a COVID-19 pandemic hiatus, providing a limited number of scholarships to medical students, residents, fellows, and other colleagues worldwide for 1-6 weeks. During their stay, observers rotated through different divisions, accessed our learning management system (LMS), and were encouraged to attend conferences and to give a lecture or case-based presentation to the department. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and the impact on the observer’s career. Read More

Authors:  Derbew Hermon Miliard , Yaya Carlos , Noor Abass , Miranda Schaeubinger Monica , Dennis Rebecca , Jalloul Mohammad , Mekete Yadel , Wang Xinmeng , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  International Observership, Pediatric Radiology, Education

Denham Chloe,  Lupo Andrew,  Sokkary Nancy,  Linam Leann

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-043

Primary amenorrhea, defined as failure to reach the first menstrual cycle by the age of 15 or 3 years after breast development, presents a complex diagnostic challenge. From congenital anomalies to endocrine disorders, there is a wide range of potential etiologies; therefore, a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach is crucial for accurate and timely diagnosis and management. Radiologic imaging often plays an important role in this process, particularly in the identification of structural abnormalities and assessing the presence of internal reproductive structures that can guide potential management decisions. In this educational exhibit, we will review etiologies of amenorrhea and their associated radiologic imaging, utilizing examples from our institution. Additionally, we aim to provide key findings and tips that can help the pediatric radiologist have a clearer understanding of the clinical questions that gynecologists seek to answer when ordering imaging for the evaluation of primary amenorrhea. Read More

Authors:  Denham Chloe , Lupo Andrew , Sokkary Nancy , Linam Leann

Keywords:  Radiology Education, Mullerian Duct Anomalies, Pelvis

Gilyard Shenise,  Dickson Paula,  Loewen Jonathan,  Richer Edward,  Riedesel Erica,  Tuburan Smyrna

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-022

Demonstrate how a pediatric radiology division at a single institution structures short-interval feedback to residents. Describe how the division collects interval resident feedback. Demonstrate resident responses to this pilot program of instituting standardized weekly feedback. Read More

Authors:  Gilyard Shenise , Dickson Paula , Loewen Jonathan , Richer Edward , Riedesel Erica , Tuburan Smyrna

Keywords:  education, feedback, radiology resident

Gilyard Shenise,  Dickson Paula,  Loewen Jonathan,  Richer Edward,  Riedesel Erica,  Tuburan Smyrna

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 171

Demonstrate how the Pediatric Radiology Department at a single institution structures short-interval feedback to residents. Describe how the department collects short-interval feedback from residents regarding their experiences. Demonstrate resident responses to this pilot program of instituting standardized weekly feedback Read More

Authors:  Gilyard Shenise , Dickson Paula , Loewen Jonathan , Richer Edward , Riedesel Erica , Tuburan Smyrna

Keywords:  education, feedback, radiology resident

Tan Timothy Shao Ern

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-019

Paediatric fluoroscopy was recently incorporated into Singapore’s national FRCR aligned didactic curriculum, highlighting a growing need for structured and clinically relevant teaching in this domain. This study evaluates a novel, high-yield, case-based teaching model designed to enhance residents’ understanding, confidence, and exam preparedness in paediatric fluoroscopy. Read More

Authors:  Tan Timothy Shao Ern

Keywords:  Fluoroscopy, Paediatric Radiology, Neonatal Bowel Obstruction

Bauman Parker,  Mcdaniel Janice

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-034

A 17-year-old female presents with the chief complaint of recurrent epigastric pain following the diagnosis of median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) confirmed via ultrasound duplex and computed tomography angiography. Subsequent laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release and resection of celiac nerve plexus were performed. The patient initially had complete resolution of pain; however, the same type of epigastric pain recurred with no sonographic evidence of recurrent MALS. This prompted the use of a celiac plexus block for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Using a one-sided posterior approach, the expected location of the celiac nerve plexus was localized using 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography-guided imaging. Using intermittent fluoroscopy with laser and iGuide graphic overlay the needle was incrementally advanced; to confirm the periaortic location of the needle tip a small amount of dilute contract was injected. Then, 80 mg (40mg/mL) of triamcinolone and 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride was administered into the periaortic space. The patient had a complete resolution of pain for two weeks. To obtain long-term pain relief, the process was repeated with an injection of 10 mL of 99% ethanol to effectively ablate the celiac nerve plexus, along with 20 mL of bupivacaine liposome. At 1 month and 3 months post-injection, the patient reports a significant reduction in epigastric pain (0-1 out of 10) following the procedure and reports being pleased she had the procedure. This case expands the use of computed tomography-guided celiac plexus ablation by showing effectiveness in reducing epigastric pain in a pediatric patient with a prior MALS diagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Bauman Parker , Mcdaniel Janice

Keywords:  Cone-Beam CT Guidance, Paediatric Radiology, Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome

De Leon-benedetti Laura,  Lazarte Claudia,  Miranda Schaeubinger Monica,  Miliard Derbew Hermon,  Jalloul Mohammad,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-024

Introduction:
Fluoroscopy plays an important role in pediatric diagnostic imaging. However, its use has been replaced by other imaging modalities for some applications. While fluoroscopy offers dynamic evaluations of the airway, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary system, multiple barriers exist. It is an operator-dependent modality that requires expertise and additional training. Furthermore, concerns for radiation exposure and lower reimbursement rates exist, which add safety and financial disincentives. This educational exhibit provides a side-by-side comparison of traditional fluoroscopic studies and their replacement modalities.
Fluoroscopy applications and their alternatives:

Respiratory system:
Foreign body aspiration: Radiography or CT
Tracheomalacia: CT
Diaphragmatic motion: Ultrasound or MRI

Gastrointestinal Tract:
Esophageal foreign body: Radiography
Gastrostomy tube dislodgement: Radiography
Upper GI (Malrotation and volvulus): Ultrasound
Enema for intussusception reduction: Ultrasound guided reduction
Enema for Hirschsprung diagnosis: Contrast radiograph

Urinary Tract:
Voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG): Contrast-enhanced vesicourethrosonography (CeVUS) Read More

Authors:  De Leon-benedetti Laura , Lazarte Claudia , Miranda Schaeubinger Monica , Miliard Derbew Hermon , Jalloul Mohammad , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  Radiology, Fluoroscopy

Gupta Amit

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) are beginning to appear in pediatric radiology workspace: as assistants for reporting, learning, and patient communication. Their fluency, speed, and apparent intelligence have sparked enthusiasm, yet beneath their polished prose lie subtle but consequential pitfalls that can mislead radiologists if unrecognized.

This educational exhibit highlights the cognitive, behavioral, and system-level risks of using AI chatbots in pediatric radiology practice. Key reliability issues include hallucinations, where models fabricate confident but false information, and sycophantic agreement, where they align with a user’s incorrect assumptions (“yes-man” behavior). These errors are often cloaked in convincing medical language, amplifying risk for trainees and non-experts. Bias propagation from skewed or adult-dominant training data may reinforce inequities, while emergent misalignment can produce unpredictable or unsafe outputs following system updates or fine-tuning.

Human-AI interaction adds another layer of concern. The ELIZA effect refers to our instinct to anthropomorphize machines, creating misplaced trust, as users perceive the chatbot as a knowledgeable colleague rather than a probability engine. This illusion of “seeming consciousness” can breed overconfidence and automation bias, where clinicians accept AI outputs uncritically. Over time, over-reliance can contribute to deskilling, as repetitive dependence on automated summaries erodes critical reasoning and vigilance.

Beyond technical flaws, chatbots also lack true creativity and problem-solving ability. Their responses mirror patterns from prior data, limiting originality and leading to formulaic, conventional outputs. In pediatric imaging education, this can hinder the cultivation of innovative clinical thinking.

Educational goals of this poster:
1. Illustrate common and emerging pitfalls of radiology chatbot use, including hallucination, bias, and misalignment.
2. Explain cognitive effects such as the ELIZA effect, automation bias, and deskilling.
3. Present real-world studies and simulated examples, where chatbot errors could influence pediatric imaging decision-making.
4. Offer practical guidelines for safe, critical, and educationally constructive chatbot use. Read More

Authors:  Gupta Amit

Keywords:  Artificial Intelligence, Informatics Workflow, Radiology Education

Galvis Ingrid,  Kvist Ola,  Vo-phamhi Jenny,  Perdomo-luna Camilo,  Jarrett Delma

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-066

Learning Objectives:
-To recognize age-specific radiographic manifestations of rickets and understand how imaging features evolve from infancy through adolescence.
-To distinguish between nutritional, genetic, and systemic causes of rickets using characteristic imaging patterns.
-To identify common mimics of rickets and differentiate them from true metabolic bone disease.
-To understand the complementary roles of radiography and MRI in challenging cases.

Background: Rickets is a pediatric metabolic bone disorder characterized by imaging features that change according to the patient's age and underlying cause. Some conditions may mimic rickets due to similar radiologic features; therefore, accurate recognition of hallmark radiographic signs—including metaphyseal fraying, cupping, widening, and angular deformities—is critical for timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and differentiation from mimics. Nutritional rickets remains the most prevalent cause, particularly among exclusively breastfed infants without adequate vitamin D supplementation. However, older children with rickets frequently have genetic and systemic causes, such as renal and phosphate metabolism disorders. Although radiographs remain the principal imaging modality for evaluation, MRI may provide enhanced diagnostic precision in challenging or unclear cases. Clinical red flags warranting imaging evaluation include persistent or worsening bowing beyond expected physiologic ages, motor delays, pathologic fractures, failure to thrive, and lack of response to vitamin D supplementation in older children, which suggests genetic or renal etiologies rather than simple nutritional deficiency.

This educational poster presents an age-based approach to diagnosing rickets, illustrating classic radiographic features across different age groups and etiologies. Key imaging findings in nutritional rickets, hypophosphatemic rickets, and renal osteodystrophy are systematically compared. Common mimics—including scurvy, non-accidental trauma, Blount's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and physiologic variants—are reviewed with comparative imaging to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Emphasis is placed on pattern recognition, and the role of advanced imaging in equivocal cases. Read More

Authors:  Galvis Ingrid , Kvist Ola , Vo-phamhi Jenny , Perdomo-luna Camilo , Jarrett Delma

Keywords:  Metabolic Disorder, Musculoskeletal, Paediatric Radiology

Banaz Tuba,  Omaç Birinci Aysegül,  Ayaz Ercan,  Akyel Nazli Gülsüm

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-038

Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders causing progressive lower limb spasticity. MRI findings are variable but crucial for differential diagnosis. Classic radiological features include spinal cord atrophy (most common), corpus callosum thinning, and T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the corticospinal tracts, such as the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the " ears of the lynx" sign (periventricular frontal signal). We present a case demonstrating both typical and significant atypical MRI findings.
Case Report: A 16-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with a three-year history of "finger-tip walking." Neurological examination revealed mild mental retardation, increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR) in the lower extremities, and mild spasticity in the feet. The patient's history indicated normal developmental milestones, and there was no known family history of neurological disease. Clinical findings were primarily consistent with HSP, and radiological evaluation was planned.
Radiological Findings: Cranial MRI showed findings typical for HSP: symmetric T2 hyperintensities in the posterior limbs of both internal capsules and in the frontal periventricular white matter (the " ears of the lynx" sign). The corpus callosum was markedly thin, especially the genu and body. Atypical findings were also present: diffuse symmetric T2 signal changes in the bilateral temporoparietal white matter and prominent cerebral sulcal spaces (cerebral atrophy) for his age.
Discussion and Conclusion: This case highlights the classic radiological triad of complicated HSP: corpus callosum thinning, posterior internal capsule signal changes, and the "ears of the lynx" sign, all reflecting corticospinal tract involvement. However, the presence of significant cerebral atrophy and widespread temporoparietal white matter abnormalities are atypical. These atypical features expand the differential diagnosis, necessitating clinical correlation to rule out overlapping conditions such as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) sequelae or a hypomyelination disorder. This case underscores that while MRI can reveal characteristic signs of HSP, it may also present a mixed picture with unexpected findings, emphasizing its role in characterizing the full scope of white matter pathology.. Read More

Authors:  Banaz Tuba , Omaç Birinci Aysegül , Ayaz Ercan , Akyel Nazli Gülsüm

Keywords:  Neuroradiology, MRI Brain, Paediatric Radiology