Ilivitzki Anat,  Scolnik Michal

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-095

In this pictorial essay on typical and atypical lung metastases in pediatric patients, we aim to assist radiologists in identifying suspicious features on CT scans. Our goal is to guide decisions regarding follow-up imaging to ensure a timely diagnosis, enabling children to receive prompt and potentially lifesaving treatment. Read More

Authors:  Ilivitzki Anat , Scolnik Michal

Keywords:  CT Chest, Pediatric Radiology, Oncology

Amiruddin Raisa,  Noor Abass,  Sherwani Poonam

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-090

Recurrent pneumonia in pediatrics is diagnosed when a child develops 2 or more episodes in a year or 3 or more episodes in total, with radiographic clearing of densities in between episodes. It accounts for 7-9% of childhood pneumonia and is the one of leading causes of preventable childhood mortality worldwide. It presents a diagnostic challenge, and management relies on clinical judgement, careful history and physical examination, and features suggestive of underlying conditions.
Identifying the cause of recurrent pneumonia is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment and reducing morbidity and mortality. It can occur due to localized pathology of the respiratory tract or from complications of systemic disease. Chest radiography is one of the most commonly performed imaging studies in pediatric care. It is easy to perform, readily available even in low-resource settings, and is often the first modality of imaging utilized for investigating pneumonia.
We present a case series highlighting the clinical presentations of various pathologies implicated in recurrent pneumonia and the diagnostic role of radiographs and follow up computed tomography (CT) in its management. We finally present a diagnostic algorithm for recurrent pneumonia and emphasize the importance of following a thorough checklist to ensure precise delivery of care.
Readers of this exhibit can expect to learn about the significance of imaging in the diagnosis of recurrent pneumonia due to:
- Foreign bodies
- Tumors
- Congenital malformations
- Immunodeficiency Read More

Authors:  Amiruddin Raisa , Noor Abass , Sherwani Poonam

Keywords:  Radiographic Findings, Pulmonary, CT Chest

Salman Rida

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-099

Pediatric rheumatologic diseases are common in children and can have a significant negative impact on children's health and well-being. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common type of arthritis in pediatric patients worldwide. However, multiple other entities can be encountered in these patients and can be first presenting with lung manifestations. Therefore, pediatric radiologists should consider the possibility of underlying rheumatologic disease when they see certain chest imaging findings.
The purpose of this educational exhibit is to review the imaging findings of pediatric rheumatologic diseases with a focus on chest imaging to illustrate the lung manifestions that can be seen in the presence of these diseases. Read More

Authors:  Salman Rida

Keywords:  Rheumatology, CT, chest

Siegel Marilyn,  Ramirez Giraldo Juan Carlos

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 037

To develop diagnostic reference ranges (DRRs) for pediatric contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT (DECT) examinations as a function of patient size and radiation output of the CT scanner with comparison to conventional single energy CT (SECT). Read More

Authors:  Siegel Marilyn , Ramirez Giraldo Juan Carlos

Keywords:  Dual-Energy CT, Chest CT, Dose Reduction

Zember Jonathan,  Turkbey Evrim,  Bulas Dorothy,  Bost James,  Liang Jason,  Rubenstein Kevin,  Gould Nicholas,  Montealegre Sanchez Gina,  Barron Karyl,  Debiasi Roberta,  Delaney Meghan,  Arrigoni Lauren,  Wessel David,  Notarangelo Luigi

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-042

The radiologic findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been well described in the literature over the past several years. Although the myriads of acute disease processes have also been extensively documented, the long-term complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are unknown, including conditions carrying potentially significant morbidity, such as pediatric post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This study establishes a prospective, longitudinal cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals versus uninfected controls to characterize long-term outcomes following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection, including cardiopulmonary imaging evaluation with chest radiography (CXR) or chest computed tomography (CT). This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH. Read More

Authors:  Zember Jonathan , Turkbey Evrim , Bulas Dorothy , Bost James , Liang Jason , Rubenstein Kevin , Gould Nicholas , Montealegre Sanchez Gina , Barron Karyl , Debiasi Roberta , Delaney Meghan , Arrigoni Lauren , Wessel David , Notarangelo Luigi

Keywords:  Chest Computed Tomography (CT), Chest, Infection

Guillen Gutierrez Cinthia,  Rodriguez Garza Claudia,  Elizondo Riojas Guillermo,  Hernández Grimaldo Edgar,  Garza Acosta Andrea

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-020 (S)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by autosomal-recessive mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Results in production of abnormally viscous mucus and secretions in the lungs of patients
It is the most common genetic disorder leading to chronic pulmonary disease in children.

In the lung, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is a protein responsible for efflux of chloride and inhibition of the sodium channel's activity which controls the influx of sodium. Pulmonary manifestations of CF includes
Bronchiectasis
Pneumothorax
Recurrent bacterial infection
Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Chest XRAY: is inferior to CT for the assessment of patients with known bronchiectasis. Nevertheless, radiography remains a useful modality for assessing the pulmonary complications associated with bronchiectasis, because of its low cost, availability, low radiation dose, and speed of acquisition

Brasfield scoring system
The score is based on conventional chest radiographic findings and has been reported to have good correlation with pulmonary function.
There is a maximum score of 25 with points subtracted based on the score from each of the following categories:

Air trapping: generalized pulmonary overdistension (sternal bowing, depression of diaphragms, or thoracic kyphosis)
Linear markings Linear opacification due to prominence of bronchi; may be seen as parallel line densities, branching, or “end-on” circular densities (bronchial wall thickening)
Nodular cystic lesions: multiple discrete rounded densities ≥0.5 cm in diameter, with either radiopaque or radiolucent centers (bronchiectasis); does not refer to irregular linear markings; confluent nodules not classified as large lesion
Large lesions: segmental or lobar atelectasis or consolidation, including acute pneumonia.
General severity: impression of overall severity on chest x-ray

HRCT has become indispensable in the monitoring of CF patients and is used to guide therapy and assess response to treatment, as it not only correlates with lung function tests.
Scans are repeated every 6 to 18 months depending on the clinical course.

BHALLA SCORE SYSTEM
Bhalla system can assess the degree of lung involvement and the evolution of the damages caused by lung disease based on various radiological findings. It values
Bronchiectasias
Peribronchial thickening
Extent of bronchiectasias
Extent of mucous plugs
Abscesses or sacculations
Bronchial generations affected
Number of bullae
Extent of emphysema
Collapse or consolidation Read More

Authors:  Guillen Gutierrez Cinthia , Rodriguez Garza Claudia , Elizondo Riojas Guillermo , Hernández Grimaldo Edgar , Garza Acosta Andrea

Keywords:  Chest CT, Chest Xray, Education

Salman Rida

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-092

The main purpose of this educational exhibit is to review the imaging findings of different thoracic lesions across the pediatric age spectrum, from fetus to adolescent. Read More

Authors:  Salman Rida

Keywords:  CT Chest, Fetal MRI, Fetal

Alizadeh Houman,  Siegel Marilyn,  Ramirez Giraldo Juan Carlos

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-075

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) decomposition software has expanded the scope of CT post-processing. It is an efficient method in pediatric thoracic imaging to define both vascular and parenchymal abnormalities. Read More

Authors:  Alizadeh Houman , Siegel Marilyn , Ramirez Giraldo Juan Carlos

Keywords:  Dual Energy CT, chest, pediatric