Semple Thomas,  Ashworth Michael,  Aurora Paul,  Owens Catherine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-008

To review the CT features of childhood interstitial lung diseases (ChILD). Read More

Authors:  Semple Thomas , Ashworth Michael , Aurora Paul , Owens Catherine

Keywords:  Interstitial, Lung, Pulmonary, Thoracic, CT

Akbari Yasmin,  Kralik Stephen

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 159

Cervical spine trauma, particularly at the craniocervical junction, can produce significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Although normative pediatric cervical spine CT measurements have been reported, the accuracy of these measurements for predicting ligamentous injury remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of normative pediatric CT measurements for prediction of traumatic ligamentous injury at the craniocervical junction, using MRI as gold standard. Read More

Authors:  Akbari Yasmin , Kralik Stephen

Keywords:  Cervical spine, Trauma, CT

Shah Amisha,  Rees Mitchell,  Kar Erica,  Bolton Kimberly,  Panigrahy Ashok,  Lee Vince

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-029

To evaluate the effect of different levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) in pediatric lower extremity CT scan to compare the radiation dose, objective imaging parameters and subjective diagnostic image quality ratings. Read More

Authors:  Shah Amisha , Rees Mitchell , Kar Erica , Bolton Kimberly , Panigrahy Ashok , Lee Vince

Keywords:  ASIR, Radiation dose, CT scan, pediatric, extremity

Alzaher Asrar,  Busaeed Fajir,  Alsayegh Hassan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-033

In the background of this limited data, this study aims to analyze and compare the size significance of right iliac fossa lymph nodes in pediatric patients in relation to metabolic activity on (18F-FDG PET/CT), scan in tertiary center managing oncological and non-oncological cases. Read More

Authors:  Alzaher Asrar , Busaeed Fajir , Alsayegh Hassan

Keywords:  Lymph node size, PET/CT, CT

Ugas Charcape Carlos,  Matos-rojas Irma,  Sanchez-navarro Juan P.,  Fernández-ochoa Diana,  Conilla-arispe José M.

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 001 (S)

Describir los hallazgos más frecuentes en tomografía computarizada del anillo vascular en un centro de referencia nacional y proponer un algoritmo lógico de diagnóstico para ayudar a los informes del radiólogo pediátrico. Read More

Authors:  Ugas Charcape Carlos , Matos-rojas Irma , Sanchez-navarro Juan P. , Fernández-ochoa Diana , Conilla-arispe José M.

Keywords:  vascular ring, children, ct

Matos Rojas Irma,  Ugas Carlos,  Megue Huamani Marlin,  Katekaru Tokeshi Doris,  Lazarte Claudia,  Valdez Quintana Melissa,  Alpaca Rodriguez Larry,  Casamayor Alvina

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-08 (R)

The purpose of this exhibit is to review imagings findings of anomalous pulmonary venous return on angiotomography and describe anomalies associated.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) are used in diagnostic and follow – up the congenital vein anomalies. CT provides superior spatial resolution and short time but there is exposure to ionizing radiation. However in many hospital there are only the possibility of obtain CT imaging in neonates and infant.
The total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is the result of failure of the common pulmonary vein to connect to the left atrium with persistence of the primitive splanchnic connections of the pulmonary veins. There are four categories: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac and mixed.
The partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) occurs when some but not all segments of the developing lung failed to establish connections with the common pulmonary vein. Read More

Authors:  Matos Rojas Irma , Ugas Carlos , Megue Huamani Marlin , Katekaru Tokeshi Doris , Lazarte Claudia , Valdez Quintana Melissa , Alpaca Rodriguez Larry , Casamayor Alvina

Keywords:  anomalous pulmonary venous return, pulmonary veins, CT Scan

Qi Jing,  Eutsler Eric,  Siegel Marilyn

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-068

Dual-energy CT (DECT) refers to the acquisition of CT datasets at two different energy spectra, which allows differentiation and classification of tissues. The purpose of this this poster is to describe post-processing algorithms and clinical applications of DECT in children on a dual-source CT system. Read More

Authors:  Qi Jing , Eutsler Eric , Siegel Marilyn

Keywords:  Dual energy CT, Pediatric Radiology, Clinical application

Southard Richard,  Ellsworth Erik,  Moe Tabitha,  Augustyn Robyn,  Thorkelson Marrit,  Bardo Dianna

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-090

The structure of the heart is more complex than 4 major chambers, 4 major valves, venous inflow and arterial outflow.

Muscular and soft tissue ridges, perforated membranes, tissue flaps, electrical pathways, external grooves, endocardial surface characteristics, and a core architecture structured of fibrous tissue and embryonic tissue remnants form distinguishing anatomic landmarks. These structures provide insight into cardiac development, serve physiologic purpose, define structural and functional elements, as well as offer prognostic information.

Specific details of cardiac anatomy may not be recognized on cardiac MR and CT examinations. Structural anomalies that affect cardiac function and anatomic or physiologic relationships may be abnormal in hearts with congenital malformations. The fine structural details of the heart are typically not part of an imagers search pattern and are therefore overlooked or underreported. Each minute structure and anatomic characteristic provides clues to errors in cardiac formation and may provide clinically relevant diagnostic information. After palliation of CHD defining anatomic structure may be lost, displaced, interrupted or even restored.

Important processes, corresponding anatomic landmarks, and effects of malformation in defining congenital heart disease anatomy, physiology and functional variation from normal include basal structures such as the central fibrous body of the heart, atrial structures including the crista terminalis, the sinus venarum, and eustacian valve, and ventricular structures such as the crista supraventricularis.

Each structure is described along with its normal location, anatomy functional and physiologic importance, the effect of congenital malformation, and imaging findings as in the example of the central fibrous body (table 1).

Minute cardiac anatomy will be shown in illustration as well as in CT and MR images (figure 1). Read More

Authors:  Southard Richard , Ellsworth Erik , Moe Tabitha , Augustyn Robyn , Thorkelson Marrit , Bardo Dianna

Keywords:  Cardiac anatomy, Cardiac MR, Cardiac CT, Congenital heart disease, Embryology

Otjen Jeffrey,  Phillips Grace,  Khatri Garvit,  Kanal Kalpana,  Kim Helen Hr,  Stanescu A. Luana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Pediatric head CT examinations remain a mainstay imaging modality, frequently utilized to evaluate a wide spectrum of pediatric pathology. Current pediatric head CT protocols aim to use the least amount of radiation while providing imaging of diagnostic quality. Lower radiation doses, along with other factors, can occasionally cause CT artifacts that can affect the quality and the interpretation of images.
In this exhibit, we review examples of physics-based, patient-based and scanner-based CT artifacts on head CT exams, while also providing a brief explanation of the underlying physics and ways to mitigate the artifact. Imaging examples include among others: apparent posterior fossa masses due to beam hardening, apparent extra-axial fluid collections due to cupping artifact, apparent brain parenchymal hypodensities concerning for infarct, and apparent beading of intracranial vessels due to lower radiation doses administered.
Awareness of these artifacts is critical for radiologists, as they can potentially lead to misdiagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Otjen Jeffrey , Phillips Grace , Khatri Garvit , Kanal Kalpana , Kim Helen Hr , Stanescu A. Luana

Keywords:  Artifacts, CT, Head

Finkle Joshua,  Marshall Emily,  Reiser Ingrid,  Zhang Yue,  Lu Zheng Feng,  Jones Anji,  Feinstein Kate

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-005

Global mAs reduction is accepted as being superior to bismuth breast shields in reducing breast organ dose for children undergoing CT of the chest. However, in imaging of chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CAP), globally reducing mAs degrades image quality in the abdomen and pelvis. This study compares bismuth shields to global mAs reduction including a region-specific boost feature to maintain abdominal image quality. Read More

Authors:  Finkle Joshua , Marshall Emily , Reiser Ingrid , Zhang Yue , Lu Zheng Feng , Jones Anji , Feinstein Kate

Keywords:  Bismuth breast shields, CT dose

Verma Nupur,  Patel Pratik,  Rajderkar Dhanashree

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-108

Accidents remain a top cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patient. Assessment for blunt trauma to the abdomen is difficult in the trauma patient and findings of bowel injury can be subtly or confounded by visceral injuries. The most specific finding of free air in blunt hollow visceral organ is often minimally present, or entirely unseen. The pediatric radiologist must be familiarity with the more often seen and less specific secondary signs on CT, including free fluid, bowel wall thickening, and mesenteric contusion injury. We present, by case example, bowel injuries in the traumatic pediatric patient and their management and outcomes, while addressing common pearls and pitfalls. As many of these patients do well with non-operative treatment the radiologist must also be familiar with findings that would allow such option, to appropriately advice referring providers and manage potential re-image of the pediatric patient. Read More

Authors:  Verma Nupur , Patel Pratik , Rajderkar Dhanashree

Keywords:  Trauma, Pediatrics, Dose Reduction in CT, Abdominal Injury

Miyazaki Osamu,  Oguma Eiji,  Nishikawa Masanori,  Tanami Yutaka,  Kitami Masahiro,  Hosokawa Takahiro

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-026

To assess the size and number of pulmonary lesions in patients with hepatoblastoma
Diagnostic criteria of the PRETEXT (Pretreatment Extent of Disease) staging system for hepatoblastoma states that pulmonary lesions are judged to be metastases if there is one nodule greater than 10mm in diameter, or if among several nodules at least one is greater than 5mm in diameter. Read More

Authors:  Miyazaki Osamu , Oguma Eiji , Nishikawa Masanori , Tanami Yutaka , Kitami Masahiro , Hosokawa Takahiro

Keywords:  hepatoblastoma, lung metastasis, chest CT

Abdulla Sarah,  Tadros Sameh,  Squires Judy

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-058

The female anatomic equivalent of the male processus vaginalis is the canal of Nuck. The canal is formed from a small peritoneal protuberance from the round ligament that extends through the inguinal ring, into the inguinal canal, and terminates in the labia majora. Obliteration of the canal occurs in a superior to inferior direction and usually completes within the first year of life. Non-closure results in a persistent canal of Nuck. Very rarely herniation of abdominal and pelvic contents into the canal of Nuck can occur, much less commonly in females than in the male equivalent. Hernias can present at any age but are most common in children. Recognition of this entity is especially important in cases of ovarian herniation due to the risk of incarceration.
We will provide a review normal anatomy, potential canal contents, the imaging appearance on ultrasound, CT, as well as MRI, and discuss differential diagnosis using cases of canal of Nuck hernia in 4 patients aged 22 days though 17 years. Read More

Authors:  Abdulla Sarah , Tadros Sameh , Squires Judy

Keywords:  Canal of Nuck, hernia, ultrasound, MRI, CT

Djuricic Goran,  Medovic Rasa,  Dasic Ivana,  Pavicevic Polina,  Furtula Dubravka,  Radovic Tijana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-010

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leading to deformed head shape, increased intracranial pressure and restricted brain growth. The most reliable diagnostic method to use is computed tomography (3D–CT). Aim of this study was to present the characteristics of children with craniosynostosis and to compare US findings with 3D–CT as “gold standard”. Read More

Authors:  Djuricic Goran , Medovic Rasa , Dasic Ivana , Pavicevic Polina , Furtula Dubravka , Radovic Tijana

Keywords:  craniosynostosis, suture fusion, ultrasound, 3D–CT

Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Chiang Silvia S.,  Lecca Leonid,  Byrne Anthony L.,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-031

Although Tuberculosis (TB) is very common in early childhood, we see an increased incidence of TB in adolescents due to increased susceptibility. It is also important to note that adolescent TB affects those living in low/middle income countries where TB is very common. There is a paucity of literature regarding the sequelae of TB disease in adolescents based on advanced cross-sectional imaging. We aimed to review the imaging features seen on CT imaging of the chest post adolescent TB in a cohort of patients from Peru. Read More

Authors:  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Chiang Silvia S. , Lecca Leonid , Byrne Anthony L. , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  Tuberculosis, Adolescent, CT

Barczuk Marzena,  Roik Danuta,  Ostapska Zofia,  Biejat Agnieszka,  Brzewski Michal

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-007

Computed tomography with its excellent spatial and temporal resolution remains valuable diagnostic modality in pediatrics. On the other hand there has been increasing attention placed on the radiation risks associated with CT imaging, especially in children.
In recent years many advances in CT hardware and software, for example automatic exposure control tools and iterative reconstruction techniques allowed for the reduction of applied radiation dose while maintaining image quality.

The aim of our educational exhibit is:

- to present optimal protocols for chest CT in the youngest age group of children, scanned according to body weight protocols (0-10kg; 10-30kg) with assesement of image quality and dose indices (CTDIvol and DLP; SSDE)
- to present pictorial review of the pediatric chest pathologies in low dose chest CT Read More

Authors:  Barczuk Marzena , Roik Danuta , Ostapska Zofia , Biejat Agnieszka , Brzewski Michal

Keywords:  Pediatrics, Dose, CT

Orman Gunes,  Sayad Edouard,  Silvacarmona Manuel,  Vogel Tiphanie P.,  Guillerman R

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 031

The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by vascular inflammation requiring immunosuppressive treatment. Involvement is most common of the kidneys and lungs, although there is a paucity of literature reporting the chest imaging findings in children. Our goal is to describe the salient chest imaging findings of pediatric AAV to promote recognition by radiologists. Read More

Authors:  Orman Gunes , Sayad Edouard , Silvacarmona Manuel , Vogel Tiphanie P. , Guillerman R

Keywords:  ANCA, vasculitides, chest CT

Nakagawa Motoo,  Ozawa Yoshiyuki,  Tanaka Yoshihiro,  Shibamoto Yuta

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Characteristic chest radiographic findings of patients with congenital heart disease have been reported for some decades ago. For beginner, it may be hard to detect these findings and to understand reasons why these findings depict. Recently, radiologists can interpret specific findings of congenital heart disease because technique of CT have been developed. Read More

Authors:  Nakagawa Motoo , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Shibamoto Yuta

Keywords:  congenital heart disease, chest radiograph, dual source CT

Sher Andrew,  Hayatghaibi Shireen,  Kan J.,  Sammer Marla

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 087

At our children’s hospital, we deployed clinical decision support (CDS) software to support appropriate use of imaging. The software is primarily based on ACR appropriateness criteria. To determine if by using CDS, lower rates of payer claim denials could be expected, we evaluated rates of payer claim denials based on CDS score prior to CDS go-live. Read More

Authors:  Sher Andrew , Hayatghaibi Shireen , Kan J. , Sammer Marla

Keywords:  CT

Lahiri Niloy,  Misseri Rosalia,  Steinhardt Nicole,  Hains David,  Jennings Greg,  Karmazyn Boaz

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-017

Evaluate prevalence of clinical occult pyelonephritis in children younger than 7 years with CT diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Read More

Authors:  Lahiri Niloy , Misseri Rosalia , Steinhardt Nicole , Hains David , Jennings Greg , Karmazyn Boaz

Keywords:  Pyelonephritis, CT scan

Chan Donald,  Karbhari Nishika,  Pfeifer Cory

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-001

Head CT is not recommended as a first test to evaluate non-traumatic headaches in children unless the headache is acutely severe. While CT can provide important diagnostic information, they expose children to radiation and increase healthcare costs. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the association between insurance type and the likelihood of receiving a head CT scan for headache in a single pediatric hospital system. Read More

Authors:  Chan Donald , Karbhari Nishika , Pfeifer Cory

Keywords:  CT, Headache

Zapala Matthew,  Zurakowski David,  Lee Edward

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-071

To compare hand versus mechanical administration of intravenous (IV) contrast on the quality of CT pulmonary angiography in the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Zapala Matthew , Zurakowski David , Lee Edward

Keywords:  CT, Pulmonary artery, Contrast

Calle Toro Juan,  Ali Krim Ahmed,  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Bester Dewald,  Lucas Susan,  Goussard Pierre,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-038

Lymphobronchial TB (LBTB) in children refers to airway narrowing by tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis is made invasively using flexible bronchoscopy or noninvasively with CT, which can include minimum intensity projection (MinIP) reconstructions.

Our aim was to generate standardized coronal minimum intensity projection CT reconstructions and compare these with flexible bronchoscopy in children with LBTB. Read More

Authors:  Calle Toro Juan , Ali Krim Ahmed , Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Bester Dewald , Lucas Susan , Goussard Pierre , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  Trachea, CT, Lymphobronchial TB

Sodhi Kushaljit,  Bhatia Anmol,  Rana Pratyaksha,  Farook Shameema,  Saxena Akshay,  Singh Harkant,  Mishra Anand,  Manoj Rohit

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-002

To compare the visualization and anatomy of coronary arteries in children (<2 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD) on non-ECG gated and ECG gated computed tomography angiography (CTA). Read More

Authors:  Sodhi Kushaljit , Bhatia Anmol , Rana Pratyaksha , Farook Shameema , Saxena Akshay , Singh Harkant , Mishra Anand , Manoj Rohit

Keywords:  Coronary artery, CT Angiography

Colleran Gabrielle,  Lee Edward,  Rea David,  Brenner Clare

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-056

Esophageal bronchi are a rare form of communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (CBPFM) that can be seen in association with esophageal atresia.

Esophageal bronchi are rare but important causes of an opaque hemithorax on chest radiograph. This is especially pertinent in the setting of esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) and VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities) anomalies as these conditions are associated with a higher incidence of esophageal bronchi.

The purpose of this case report series is describe the pertinent radiological features in four patients with esophageal bronchi.
Read More

Authors:  Colleran Gabrielle , Lee Edward , Rea David , Brenner Clare

Keywords:  VACTERL, oesophageal bronchus, CT, UGI

Semple Thomas,  Schofield Rebecca,  Petraco Da Cunha Ricardo,  Owens Catherine,  Nicol E,  King Lawrence,  Castellano I

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-009

To review the basics of CT dose calculation, in particular the nuances of dose calculation / estimation in cardiac CT and the many and varied methods of dose reduction in cardiac and cardiovascular CT. Read More

Authors:  Semple Thomas , Schofield Rebecca , Petraco Da Cunha Ricardo , Owens Catherine , Nicol E , King Lawrence , Castellano I

Keywords:  Dose Reduction, CT, Radiation, Physics, ALARA

Nketiah Linda,  Taragin Benjamin,  Silva Cicero,  Andronikou Savvas,  Otero Hansel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-007 (S)

CT can be a powerful tool for the evaluation of the chest and abdominal pathology in children. While not as commonly used as in the USA, CT studies represented approximately 15% of cases received from low- and lower-middle income Countries for expert second opinion by a pediatric radiologist in the WFPI teleradiology platform, over the last 4 years. This pictorial review lists the indications, details the technical parameters, and exemplifies imaging findings of CT studies from this setting. Read More

Authors:  Nketiah Linda , Taragin Benjamin , Silva Cicero , Andronikou Savvas , Otero Hansel

Keywords:  Outreach, teleradiology, CT

Thomas Karen,  Marin Jennifer,  Mills Angela,  Boutis Kathy

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-037

Awareness of the need for benefit:risk assessment prior to imaging studies has increased dramatically over the past decade, but the impact of this on the disclosure practice of Emergency Department (ED) Physicians is not known. Our aim was to assess ED physician practice and attitudes towards CT radiation risk disclosure for stable patients. Read More

Authors:  Thomas Karen , Marin Jennifer , Mills Angela , Boutis Kathy

Keywords:  Radiation, CT, Emergency, consent, disclosure

Davda Sunit,  Aktar Mohammed Rashid,  Mcdonald Kirsteen,  Cheasty Emma,  Colledge Jonathan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-005

Iterative reconstruction is an evolving reconstruction technique in CT that has so far been associated with a typical image appearance that many radiologists are still unfamiliar with. This educational presentation aims to demystify the technique by demonstrating the origin of the alteration in image quality and providing readers with an insight as to its benefits. Read More

Authors:  Davda Sunit , Aktar Mohammed Rashid , Mcdonald Kirsteen , Cheasty Emma , Colledge Jonathan

Keywords:  iterative reconstruction, CT

Salman Rida,  More Snehal,  Ferreira Botelho Marcos,  Ketwaroo Pamela,  Masand Prakash,  Molossi Silvana,  Jadhav Siddharth

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 047

Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Artery (AAOCA) is the 2nd most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. Coronary artery origins are evaluated as part of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and diagnostic precision may be limited by technical limitations, operator dependence, and patient cooperation. MRI and gated Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA) are often utilized in patients where an anomaly is suspected on TTE. There is limited literature comparing TTE and CCTA in children with suspected AAOCA. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of various coronary anomalies comparing TTE and CCTA data, and define the added value advanced imaging brings in clinical decision-making. Read More

Authors:  Salman Rida , More Snehal , Ferreira Botelho Marcos , Ketwaroo Pamela , Masand Prakash , Molossi Silvana , Jadhav Siddharth

Keywords:  Anomalous coronaries, CT angiography, Echocardiography