Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Chiang Silvia S.,  Lecca Leonid,  Byrne Anthony L.,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-031

Although Tuberculosis (TB) is very common in early childhood, we see an increased incidence of TB in adolescents due to increased susceptibility. It is also important to note that adolescent TB affects those living in low/middle income countries where TB is very common. There is a paucity of literature regarding the sequelae of TB disease in adolescents based on advanced cross-sectional imaging. We aimed to review the imaging features seen on CT imaging of the chest post adolescent TB in a cohort of patients from Peru. Read More

Authors:  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Chiang Silvia S. , Lecca Leonid , Byrne Anthony L. , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  Tuberculosis, Adolescent, CT

Wanous Amanda,  Monahan Hannah,  Javed Asma

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-013

Accurate diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents relies on clinical, biochemical and radiographic criteria. The traditionally utilized Rotterdam criteria define polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the presence of 12 or more follicles, measuring 2-9 mm in either ovary and/or an ovarian volume >10 cm³. Due to advancement in imaging techniques and resolution, it has been proposed by the Androgen Excess Society Taskforce to update criteria for diagnosis of PCOM to presence of 25 or more follicles per ovary. The aim of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of PCOM using ovarian volume and follicle number criteria in adolescents with confirmed PCOS based on NIH criteria. The NIH criteria are stringent and require the presence of both menstrual irregularity and clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism for a diagnosis of PCOS. Read More

Authors:  Wanous Amanda , Monahan Hannah , Javed Asma

Keywords:  Ultrasound, Ovary, Adolescent

Papaioannou Georgia,  Tagkalakis Panagiotis,  Tzarouchi Loukia,  Manopoulou Evangelia,  Oikonomoulas George

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-049

To present the results and evaluate the added value of applying CT-like sequences in the MRI examinations of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents with clinical suspicion of overuse stress injury. Read More

Authors:  Papaioannou Georgia , Tagkalakis Panagiotis , Tzarouchi Loukia , Manopoulou Evangelia , Oikonomoulas George

Keywords:  MR, Adolescent, Musculoskeletal

Thakrar Pooja,  Boyd Kevin,  Wideburg Eric,  Kumbhar Sachin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-072

The incidence of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) has been increasing since the summer of 2019. At least seven distinct patterns of lung injury have been described with this emerging disease (1). A recent report from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with EVALI have been in the pediatric age group (2). Because of the potential legal and social repercussions of vaping and cannabis use, pediatric patients may be disinclined to admit to use of electronic cigarettes. As such, recognition of the potential imaging patterns of this disease may allow the pediatric radiologist to raise the possibility of EVALI to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management of the disease.

This educational exhibit will review the imaging findings seen in the various patterns of lung injury identified with this increasingly common lung disease. We will also discuss the indications for obtaining imaging studies in patients with suspected EVALI. In addition, we will describe the potential clinical presentations in these patients.

References:
1. Henry TS, Kligerman SJ, Raptis CA, et al. (2019) Imaging findings of vaping-associated lung injury. AJR 1-8. 10.2214/AJR.19.22251
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019) Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic cigarette product use—interim guidance. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6836e2.htm Read More

Authors:  Thakrar Pooja , Boyd Kevin , Wideburg Eric , Kumbhar Sachin

Keywords:  EVALI, vaping-associated lung injury, adolescent

Gnerre Jeffrey,  Tong Angela,  Jimenez-ocasio Jason,  Lecompte Leslie

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-053

Cancer is the most common cause of disease-related mortality for adolescent patients, 13-19 years of age. Primary liver neoplasms are relatively uncommon entities in this population accounting for 0.5-2.0% of all neoplasms as per the current literature. The most common primary liver malignancy in adolescent patients is hepatoblastoma, which accounts for approximately two thirds of liver tumors. Benign tumors of the liver in the adolescent population include adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, hamartomas, and vascular tumors. Hepatic neoplasms in adolescent patients are typically not detected clinically until they reach a large size. While there are many exceptions, these patients generally have normal liver function as well as normal growth and development. In this case series, we examine the imaging characteristics across multiple modalities of several large primary hepatic neoplasms in the adolescent population encompassing both benign and malignant as well as common and uncommon entities. We will also review how the underlying pathophysiology of these neoplasms relates to their imaging appearances. Cross-sectional imaging with MRI or CT, similar to evaluation in adult patients, is considered the best method of evaluating the character and extent of hepatic masses. However, initial workup usually includes plain film x-ray or ultrasound. Benign and malignant hepatic neoplasms in the adolescent population share many similar radiographic features, and therefore, knowledge of these entities and their imaging appearances is essential in order to develop an appropriate differential diagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Gnerre Jeffrey , Tong Angela , Jimenez-ocasio Jason , Lecompte Leslie

Keywords:  Adolescent, Liver, Neoplasm

Pradhan Nisha,  Trenbeath Zachary,  Tutman Jeffrey,  Milla Sarah

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-028

There is significant variation in the approach to diagnosing PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), particularly in adolescents. PCOS, more recently referred to as hyperandrogenic anovulation, is a classic tried of oligomenorrhea and/or anovulation, hirsutism, and obesity. The Rotterdam criteria are widely used in the adult population, with diagnostic criteria including 2 of the following 3: ovulatory dysfunction, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. Although it is acknowledged that ultrasound is not necessary for diagnosing PCOS in adults if the first 2 criteria are met, there is sufficient controversy in adolescent literature that classic morphologic appearance in addition to one other criterion may not be diagnostic.
Polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), the imaging correlate typically associated with the clinical diagnosis of PCOS, can be a normal finding in adolescents. Given that the criteria for the polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) remains controversial, it is important for a pediatric radiologist to understand the significance of PCOM in adolescents, and how radiology can best and most significantly add to the clinical picture.
This presentation will provide a review of consensus guidelines for PCOS and PCOM, and best practices of describing findings of PCOM in adolescents. Novel approaches will also be discussed, including ongoing research in follicle counts and stromal volume with 3D ultrasound. Read More

Authors:  Pradhan Nisha , Trenbeath Zachary , Tutman Jeffrey , Milla Sarah

Keywords:  PCOS, PCOM, adolescent

Patel Khushbu,  Jadhav Siddharth,  Stetkevich Nicholas,  Bawa Pritish

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-029

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) accelerates linear growth but may predispose to physeal stress and injury through accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy and transient physeal widening. A multitude of musculoskeletal complications include slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), tibial tubercle avulsion, Osgood–Schlatter disease, Little League shoulder, osteochondritis dissecans, scoliosis, and Sever’s disease. However, sequential multi-physeal injuries in a single patient receiving rhGH are exceedingly rare and not well documented.

We present a 14-year-old male, a baseball player, receiving GH therapy for Idiopathic Short Stature who develops multiple, temporally distinct physeal injuries during two years of active therapy (April 2023 to July 2025).
April 2023: Patient starts GH therapy
July 2023: Left shoulder injury: Radiograph shows widening of the proximal humeral physis consistent with Little League shoulder (Salter–Harris I).
August 2023: Left proximal thigh pain: Radiograph of pelvis demonstrates left inferior pubic ramus fracture and right anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) avulsion fracture.
Nov 2023: Left elbow pain with pitching: Radiographs of the elbow consistent with healing lateral epicondyle fracture, with confirmation of capitellar osteochondral lesion on MRI.
April 2024: Right knee injury with x-ray findings consistent with Osgood-Schlatter’s disease.
July 2025: 1.5 months of left hip pain: Pelvic radiograph demonstrates healing of right ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture and right lesser trochanter avulsion fracture.
Notably, the patient has a history of medial epicondyle avulsion fracture (2020) and left AIIS avulsion fracture (March 2023), suggesting pre-existing physeal susceptibility or higher physical exhaustion prior to GH initiation.

This case underscores the importance of potential additive effects of rapid growth (with GH therapy) and repetitive stress. Radiologists should maintain high suspicion for additional or contralateral physeal injuries in GH-treated adolescents, especially those engaged in high-impact sports, and communicate these risks to referring clinicians for coordinated management. Read More

Authors:  Patel Khushbu , Jadhav Siddharth , Stetkevich Nicholas , Bawa Pritish

Keywords:  Adolescent, Avulsion, Sports Injury

Hwang Sook Min

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-037

To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD). Read More

Authors:  Hwang Sook Min

Keywords:  Thyroid, Ultrasound, Adolescent

Koutrouveli Eleni,  Zamparas Athanasios,  Sfakiotaki Rodanthi,  Sofokleous Valentinos,  Antoniou Maria,  Fezoulidi Georgia,  Vekrakou Artemis,  Vakaki Marina

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-003

Lingual tonsils are part of the Waldeyer ring, located at the base of the tongue in continuity with the palatine tonsils. Situated at the common entry of the respiratory and the digestive system, they play a pivotal role in initiating and maintaining immune response. Lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) is rare in children with no comorbidities. However, an accumulating body of evidence suggests that LTH is associated with obesity and Down Syndrome, particularly in cases where palatine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy have been performed. Recent research has indicated positive correlation between LTH and obstructive sleep apnea, which constitutes a significant cause of morbidity in children. Therefore, prompt diagnosis is critical, as a timely tonsillectomy can easily resolve this life-threatening condition. Although the role of CT and MRI in identifying LTH has been discussed in literature, there remains limited evidence concerning ultrasound’s value in its accurate diagnosis, while avoiding radiation exposure.
The following case highlights ultrasound’s reliable evaluation of the lingual tonsil and its potential position as a screening method for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
We present a case of a 14-year-old boy with Down syndrome, who had undergone a previous palatine tonsillectomy. The patient presented with dysphagia and sleep apnea. Upon direct laryngoscopy performed by an experienced otolaryngologist, a suspicion arose of a mass adherent to the anterior surface of the epiglottis. As a result, he was referred to our radiological department for further evaluation, and an ultrasound examination was performed.
Ultrasound revealed an ovoid-shaped, well-defined mass located at the base of the tongue. The mass demonstrated a hypoechoic echogenicity, with a striated appearance consisting of alternating linear hyperechoic and hypoechoic bands. These sonographic characteristics were compatible with palatine tonsils. No residual palatine tonsillar tissue was recognized upon meticulous examination.
A dynamic, real-time examination followed, with the patient instructed to take deep breaths. The movement of the mass within the retroglossal space was observed, proving its role in obstructive apnea. Correlating the ultrasound findings with the patient’s medical history, a diagnosis of enlarged lingual tonsil was made, also demonstrated on CT and confirmed by post-surgical pathology. Read More

Authors:  Koutrouveli Eleni , Zamparas Athanasios , Sfakiotaki Rodanthi , Sofokleous Valentinos , Antoniou Maria , Fezoulidi Georgia , Vekrakou Artemis , Vakaki Marina

Keywords:  Dysphagia, Down's Syndrome, Adolescent

Retamal Caro Andres,  Pérez-marrero Lizbet,  Horvath Eleonora,  Silva Claudio,  Rojas Paula

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-088

To determine the percentage of malignancy for the different TIRADS categories and the ultrasound patterns in children and adolescents.
To calculate the interobserver variability in the use of TIRADS classification in this group. Read More

Authors:  Retamal Caro Andres , Pérez-marrero Lizbet , Horvath Eleonora , Silva Claudio , Rojas Paula

Keywords:  TIRADS, thyroid cancer, thyroid node in children and adolescent, thyroid cancer in children and adolescent, sonographic patterns of thyroid node