Purpose or Case Report: To review the embryology and anatomy of the temporal bone, with emphasis in the external and middle ear.

To describe the imaging findings of common and rare pathology of conductive hearing loss within the pediatric population.
Methods & Materials: We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR examinations between Jan 2010 and Oct 2018 of patients undergoing imaging for evaluation of conductive hearing loss. We identified subjects with normal temporal bones, as well as subjects with various pathology causing conductive hearing loss.
Results: Normal anatomy of the external and middle ear. Diverse pathology of the external and middle ear was encountered.
Cases were categorized into the following groups:
A. Congenital: External auditory canal atresia, oval window atresia, congenital ossicular anomalies and fixation, congenital cholesteatoma, fenestral otosclerosis, persistent stapedial artery, fibrous displasia, and osteopetrosis.
B. Acquired: External auditory canal exostosis, otitis externa, otitis media, cholesteatoma, trauma, and neoplasm such as Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.
Conclusions: We have demonstrated the normal anatomy of the temporal bone, with emphasis in the external and middle ear, as well as pertinent imaging findings of both common and more rare causes of conductive hearing loss in children.