Crido Silvina,  Bravo Monica,  Lipsich Jose,  Cermeño Claudia,  Dardanelli Esteban,  Moguillanky Slvia

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-029

To present a series of patients with pylephlebitis without a significant past medical history Read More

Authors:  Crido Silvina , Bravo Monica , Lipsich Jose , Cermeño Claudia , Dardanelli Esteban , Moguillanky Slvia

Keywords:  Pylephlebitis, portal vein thrombosis, omphalitis, appendicitis, ultrasonography

Rodriguez Takeuchi Sara,  Doria Andrea,  Sousa-plata Karen,  Man Carina,  Vidarsson Logi,  Rayner Tammy,  Mohanta Arun,  Amirabadi Afsaneh,  Schuh Suzanne

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-010

Despite being recognized as a secondary sign of appendicitis, no clear definition exists about the amount of intra-abdominal fluid considered physiologic in children. The purpose is (1) to assess the amount of intra-abdominal free fluid by US and MRI in children with suspected appendicitis, (2) to detect the performance characteristics of US for detecting free fluid, and (3) to determine the association between fluid volume and perforated appendicitis. An additional ex-vivo study was done to assess the validity of US measurement abdominal free fluid volume using phantoms. Read More

Authors:  Rodriguez Takeuchi Sara , Doria Andrea , Sousa-plata Karen , Man Carina , Vidarsson Logi , Rayner Tammy , Mohanta Arun , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Schuh Suzanne

Keywords:  Appendicitis, ascites, ultrasonography

Tani Chihiro,  Nakashima Yuko,  Kume Shinji,  Iida Makoto,  Kobayashi Masao,  Awai Kazuo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-079

Haemophilic arthropathy is caused by recurrent bleeding into joint. The first bleeding episodes usually occurs in knee and ankles between 1 and 3 years old. In the pediatric patients with haemophilia, it is important to detect the joint damage as soon as possible because appropriate prophylaxis is provided. Ultrasonography is increasingly used for joint assessment recently. The purpose of this study is to present clinical importance of joint evaluation by the ultrasonography in the pediatric patients with haemophilia. Read More

Authors:  Tani Chihiro , Nakashima Yuko , Kume Shinji , Iida Makoto , Kobayashi Masao , Awai Kazuo

Keywords:  Ultrasonography, Haemophilia

Prodhomme Olivier,  Baud Catherine,  Saguintaah Magali,  Bolivar Perrin Julie,  David Stephanie,  Taleb Arrada Ikram,  Couture Alain

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-011

To present the technique and the images obtain by postmortem ultrasound in the particular setting of fetal death and discuss its abilities and limitations.
To compare the diagnostic yields of joint analysis of ultrasound and X-Ray compared to autopsy in the setting of fetal death.
Read More

Authors:  Prodhomme Olivier , Baud Catherine , Saguintaah Magali , Bolivar Perrin Julie , David Stephanie , Taleb Arrada Ikram , Couture Alain

Keywords:  Ultrasonography, Postmortem, Fetus, Fetal death, Postmortem Imaging

Pelizzari Mario,  Joulia Vulekovich Lara,  Musso Marcos,  Montalvetti Pablo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-082

Ultrasound offers high sensitivity in diagnosing vitreous pathologies in pediatric patients and is increasingly being used as the preferred method for diagnosis since it does not use ionizing radiation.
The vitreous body is a transparent, gelatinous substance found inside the eye cavity and occupies the space between the lens and the retina. It is avascular and its echostructure is anechoic. Its main function is to provide structural stability, giving volume to the eyeball and providing support to the retina.
Different pathologies can affect it, both congenital and acquired. In pediatrics the most common ones are vitreous hemorrhage, vitritis, posterior vitreous detachment, synchysis scintillans and asteroid hyalosis. Clinically, they can present asymptomatically or with various symptoms such as myodesopsias, photopsias and decreased visual acuity, among others.
Ultrasound and Doppler are excellent methods for studying the eyeball, as it is a superficial organ with a liquid component. Furthermore, they are accessible, non-invasive methods that do not require anesthesia and it provide relevant information, especially when opacification of the anterior segment hinders direct ophthalmological examination. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Joulia Vulekovich Lara , Musso Marcos , Montalvetti Pablo

Keywords:  Vitreous, orbit, Ultrasonography

Pelizzari Mario,  Joulia Vulekovich Lara,  Musso Marcos,  Montalvetti Pablo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-074

This educational work aims to describe and differentiate possible diagnostic scenarios in crystalline lens pathology. It seeks to showcase the signs that enable differential diagnosis through ultrasound imaging.

The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex, flexible, and avascular structure located behind the iris and in front of the vitreous body. Sonographically it is anechoic, with a 3.5 mm thickness in newborns and 4.5 mm in adults. Its primary function is accommodation, to adjust the eye's vision for different distances. It is the site of various pathologies at different stages of life, in which the lens may be absent, altered in shape, or echogenicity.
Clinically, it presents with a loss or decrease in visual acuity, with or without lens opacification. The type of presentation varies according to the patient's age and the underlying anomaly.
Ultrasound is a fast, non-invasive method that does not use radiation or contrast material, does not require anesthesia, and provides valuable information.

Conclussion:
In the presence of visual acuity loss, whether or not associated with lens opacification, the radiologist's essential role is to complement the clinical and ophthalmological examination. The findings in different lens anomalies are characteristic. Ultrasound is the method of choice for their diagnosis and monitoring. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Joulia Vulekovich Lara , Musso Marcos , Montalvetti Pablo

Keywords:  Crystalline lens, Orbit, Ultrasonography

Pelizzari Mario,  Montalvetti Pablo,  Joulia Vulekovich Lara,  Ledesma Ricardo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-038

Case Presentation
A 27-year-old female patient, primigravida, with no pathological clinical history, and a low risk first-trimester screening for aneuploidy and preeclampsia. Morphological ultrasound was performed at 21 weeks of gestational age, revealing a cystic structure at the lumbosacral spine with bone alteration. Myelomeningocele was suspected, but no associated Chiari type II anomaly was observed. Additional Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fetal MRI) was requested.

Findings
At 24 weeks, an obstetric ultrasound was made identifying a cystic image at the lumbosacral level with the absence of a placode. An osseous spur protruding into the medullary canal was observed, dividing the medullary cone in two. Suspicious fatty tissue suggestive of a lipoma was also noted. Fetal MRI confirmed the ultrasound findings, consistent with diastematomyelia (DM) associated with closed meningocele, lipoma, and medullary canal ectasia.

Discussion
Dysraphism are congenital malformations of the spinal canal, with a prevalence of 1 to 3 per 1000 live births, and the lumbosacral spine being the most commonly affected site.
DM is a closed-type dysraphia in which there is a splitting of the spinal cord into two halves separated by a fibrous, cartilaginous, or bony septum. Clinical manifestations are variable and are typically related to orthopedic problems, urinary or fecal incontinence, and characteristic cutaneous abnormalities.
When isolated, DM tends to have a favorable prognosis, but approximately one-third of affected patients have an accompanying dysraphism. Current recommendations include early postnatal surgery to prevent further complications.

Conclusion
DM is a rare disorder of spinal development that can be diagnosed prenatally through imaging. Precise identification of the lesion and the exclusion of other associated structural malformations are crucial for prognosis. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Montalvetti Pablo , Joulia Vulekovich Lara , Ledesma Ricardo

Keywords:  diastematomyelia, Fetal MRI, Ultrasonography

Pelizzari Mario,  Ledesma Ricardo,  Musso Marcos,  Perez Ricardo,  Montalvetti Pablo,  Joulia Vulekovich Lara

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-040

Case Presentation: We will show two cases, of patients aged 16 and 24 years, at 24 and 30 weeks of gestation, who were referred for a second-trimester ultrasound.
Findings: The ultrasound revealed an enlarged lateral ventricle associated with an increased size of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. A fetal MRI was performed revealing subependymal gray matter nodules, pachygyria, and areas of gliosis in the white matter.
Discussion: Hemimegalencephaly is a rare congenital malformation initially described by Sims in 1835. It involves the partial or total overgrowth of a cerebral hemisphere with varying degrees of pachygyria, polymicrogyria, neuronal heterotopia, and white matter gliosis due to a disorder in germ cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.
Its etiology remains unknown, and it does not exhibit a gender preference. Clinically, 90% of patients present with focal or generalized epileptic seizures. They may also exhibit hemiparesis and mental retardation.
Hemimegalencephaly can present in an isolated manner or be associated with various syndromes, including hypertrophy of the ipsilateral hemibody or total involvement, which affects the cerebellum and brainstem.
Prenatal diagnosis is suspected through ultrasound, identifying ventricular asymmetry and unilateral ventricular dilation. Fetal MRI confirms these findings and allows the assessment of gray and white matter disorders.
Conclusion: Hemimegalencephaly is a rare and severe condition that should be considered in prenatal assessment by ultrasound. Its diagnosis is facilitated by advances in fetal MRI, where the findings and their severity correlate with the clinical presentation. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Ledesma Ricardo , Musso Marcos , Perez Ricardo , Montalvetti Pablo , Joulia Vulekovich Lara

Keywords:  hemimeningencephaly, Fetal MRI, Ultrasonography

Pelizzari Mario,  Garcia Barale Dolores,  Cohen Canals Ayelen

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-059

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory follicular skin disease characterized by nodules, abscesses, fistulas, and scarring in areas where apocrine glands are found, such as the axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. While this condition is commonly associated with adults, it can occasionally affect children, mainly during puberty. Pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, management, and the quality of life of affected young individuals.
In this context, ultrasound emerges as a crucial diagnostic and monitoring tool. Ultrasound allows for a detailed assessment of skin lesions, identifying specific features of HS. This imaging technique not only aids in confirming the diagnosis but also guides the choice of appropriate treatments and monitors the response over time. Ultrasound provides a non-invasive, non-radiating alternative to more invasive procedures, which is particularly valuable in pediatric patients.
This work focuses on exploring key aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa in pediatric patients, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of this condition. Through this review, we aim to enhance the understanding of hidradenitis suppurativa in the pediatric setting. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Garcia Barale Dolores , Cohen Canals Ayelen

Keywords:  Hidradenitis suppurativa, Doppler, Ultrasonography

Calle Toro Juan,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-025

To retrospectively review the imaging planes performed, the number pyloric layers visible and the location of measurements taken, in infants with suspected (HPS). Read More

Authors:  Calle Toro Juan , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  pyloric, ULTRASONOGRAPHY, Children

Saguintaah Magali,  Taleb Arrada Ikram,  Prodhomme Olivier,  Bolivar Perrin Julie,  David Stephanie,  Sevette Nancy,  Couture Alain,  Baud Catherine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-067

To review the imaging appearances of neonatal bowel obstruction, focusing on the sonographic findings.
To describe the etiologies and the indication for other imaging modalities Read More

Authors:  Saguintaah Magali , Taleb Arrada Ikram , Prodhomme Olivier , Bolivar Perrin Julie , David Stephanie , Sevette Nancy , Couture Alain , Baud Catherine

Keywords:  neonatal bowel obstruction, ultrasonography

Dery Julie,  Rypens Francoise,  Garel Juliette,  Raboisson Marie-josee,  Lapierre Chantale

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-013

Prenatal screening and diagnosis of fetal anomalies rely upon ultrasound studies (US). US is generally considered safe during pregnancy. It is estimated that 1% of all neonates are born with a congenital heart defect that makes careful standardized examination of the fetal heart a mandatory step during all fetal US exams. US examination of the fetal heart requires at least analysis of the fetal situs, the four-chamber (4CH) view and the three-vessel view (3V). In the evaluation of the fetal heart, it is now worldwide accepted that the three-vessel trachea (3VT) view should be obtained, if technically feasible, in supplement of the other classical fetal cardiac views (4CH, 3V).

The relevance of adding the 3VT view is that some congenital cardiovascular abnormalities, potentially significant for fetal outcome, can only be diagnosed with this view; these malformations include vascular rings and right aortic arches. Read More

Authors:  Dery Julie , Rypens Francoise , Garel Juliette , Raboisson Marie-josee , Lapierre Chantale

Keywords:  Fetal ultrasonography, Three-vessel tracheal view, Vascular ring

Gual Fabiana,  Sameshima Yoshino,  Otto Debora,  Braga Fernanda,  Cardoso Mariana,  Fernandes-ferreira Rafael,  Souza Antonio

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-084

Ultrasonography is a very powerful non-invasive diagnostic tool widely employed for examining multiple organs and systems located both superficially and deeply. This is possible thanks to a wide range of transducers that work on different frequencies and sound lengths to explore all layers of anatomical structures. Nowadays, the reduction of exposure to ionizing radiation in children is advocated by the “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) principle, and therefore, ultrasound (US) has become the main investigation tool in many assessments of lung pediatric disorders. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to describe the normal artefacts produced by LUS in a healthy lung to distinguish them from pathologic patterns and the application of LUS in pediatric diseases and procedures (ultrasound-Guided Lung Recruitment). Read More

Authors:  Gual Fabiana , Sameshima Yoshino , Otto Debora , Braga Fernanda , Cardoso Mariana , Fernandes-ferreira Rafael , Souza Antonio

Keywords:  Ultrasonography, Lung Diseases, ALARA

Pelizzari Mario,  Montalvetti Pablo,  Joulia Vulekovich Lara,  Musso Marcos

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-058

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to describe and classify the different types of aplasia cutis using dermatological Doppler ultrasound, in an imaging diagnostics service. To demonstrate the ultrasound signs and different presentations of the pathology.

ABSTRACT
Aplasia cutis is a congenital anomaly characterized by the focal absence of one or more layers of the skin and, at times, underlying tissues such as bone or dura mater. It has an incidence of 3 in every 10,000 live births, and its etiology is unknown.
Its most frequent location is the scalp, although it can affect other parts of the body and be multifocal. Ultrasound and Doppler examination, using high-frequency probes, objectively assess the anatomical involvement and potential complications.

CONCLUSION
Given the clinical suspicion of aplasia cutis, ultrasound and Doppler imaging are valuable for diagnosis and monitoring complications. Read More

Authors:  Pelizzari Mario , Montalvetti Pablo , Joulia Vulekovich Lara , Musso Marcos

Keywords:  aplasia cutis, Doppler, Ultrasonography

Kwon Myoungae,  Je Bo-kyung,  Hong Doran

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-058

To compare the margin of filum terminale (FT) defined on longitudinal and transverse ultrasound (US) images, and to compare the thickness of FT measured on longitudinal and transverse US Read More

Authors:  Kwon Myoungae , Je Bo-kyung , Hong Doran

Keywords:  Filum terminale, Ultrasonography

Motta Giovanna,  Chiovatto Alessandra,  Chiovatto Eduardo,  Rocha Lucas,  Abdala João,  Iared Wagner

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-014 (S)

Hip ultrasonography is now considered the main method for screening, diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of development dysplasia of hip (DDH) in children, considering the advantages of the method and the excellent characterization of the anatomical elements of the infant hip which, at this stage of life, consists largely of cartilage. In 1980, Reinhard Graf, an Austrian pediatric orthopedist published child hip study work from about 20,000 stillbirths. He evaluated and studied through hip ultrasound the hip joint and determined in a single coronal section the hip classification. The purpose of this article is to explain in a didactic and detailed way the method of Graf, focusing on the reference points for its realization and proper interpretation. Read More

Authors:  Motta Giovanna , Chiovatto Alessandra , Chiovatto Eduardo , Rocha Lucas , Abdala João , Iared Wagner

Keywords:  Hip Dysplasia, Ultrasonography, Graf Method

Shadmani Ghazal,  Don Steven,  Tao Ting

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-041

Neck masses are commonly encountered in children. The evaluation of neck mass by ultrasound is the purpose of this educational exhibit. Read More

Authors:  Shadmani Ghazal , Don Steven , Tao Ting

Keywords:  Cervical masses, ultrasonography, pediatric patients