Pulmonary haemorrhage in children is a non-specific response to a number of varying insults. Many of these insults favour particular anatomic foci along the pulmonary and bronchial arterial trees respectively. Although recent years have seen an emerging interest in the understanding and classification of pulmonary vasculitides, this pathophysiology represents only one subset of the causes of pulmonary haemorrhage in children. Our purpose is to review the imaging and pathophysiologic manifestations of varying causes of pulmonary haemorrhage according to the anatomic region of susceptibilities in the pulmonary arterial and bronchial artery trees. We aim to provide a perspective of imaging manifestations of the pathophysiologies of pulmonary haemorrhage displayed schematically according to their relative anatomic areas of susceptibility. We aim to focus on useful constellations or associated findings that will serve to help the reader differentiate amongst entities that often have otherwise similar imaging presentation. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Lacroix Caroline, Ahyad Rayan, Manson David

Keywords: haemorrhage, vasculitides, anatomy, pathophysiology, pulmonary

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor, of low malignant potential. It is typically seen in adults, but it can also less frequently affect children. Because of its multisystem involvement, it can present in various ways both clinically and on imaging. It can present with multiple hepatic lesions and/or with multinodular lung disease simulating interstitial lung disease, infectious disease and metastatic disease among others. Multifocal bone involvement is another presentation of EHE. One of the radiologist's daily practice challenges is that rare diseases can have significant overlap of imaging features with more frequent diagnoses (that sometimes present with atypical features). It is therefore of high relevance to know the classical and unique imaging features and signature of rare entities such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, in order to raise clinical suspicion when needed to direct appropriate diagnostic work-up. Our goal is to present a case of EHE, discuss possible clinical presentations and illustrate classical imaging findings. An overview of clinical implications of this diagnosis and of the available treatment options will also be provided. Combining multisystem affection and characteristic imaging features, especially MRI features of liver lesions, radiologist can help to make early diagnosis of EHE that is rarely seen in children. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Lacroix Caroline, Ahyad Rayan, Gupta Abha, Chavhan Govind

Keywords: epithelioid, hemangioendothelioma, vascular, tumor, multisystem

Development of complications in patients treated for acute appendicitis is not rare. Some authors have advocated the important role of CT in this clinical setting. Increased awareness of radiation-related safety issues in the past years has brought focus on the role and safety of ultrasound (US) to diagnose acute appendicitis in children. However, no study has specifically addressed the role of US for assessment of complications in children operated for acute appendicitis. Our purpose is to evaluate if US is an accurate and safe imaging modality in this setting. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Lacroix Caroline, Perez Maria, Ahyad Rayan, Zani Augusto, Navarro Oscar

Keywords: Complications, Abscess, Collections