Purpose or Case Report: Demonstrate an effective visual learning method by utilizing simple graphics/diagrams with matching real-time case examples including fluoroscopy and ultrasound imaging findings of GU anomalies.

Review the categories of congenital GU anomalies including posterior urethral valves, urachal anomalies and inguinal hernia/hydrocele.

Review the embryology, clinical manifestations and management of these GU anomalies.
Methods & Materials: A comprehensive review of typing of GU anomalies utilizing simple graphics with matching real-time case examples from our institutions.

Review the fluoroscopy and ultrasound techniques and imaging pearls for evaluation of GU anomalies.

Literature review of the embryology, anatomy, clinical manifestations and management of common GU anomalies.
Results: The typing and categorization of posterior valves, urachal anomalies and hydroceles are illustrated via case examples and simple graphics.

Embryology, clinical manifestations, anatomy and management of these GU anomalies are reviewed.
Conclusions: Simple graphics is an effective learning tool to organize common GU anomalies.

Despite of the advancement in high resolution imaging, the basic fluoroscopy and ultrasound techniques are simple and effective tools of evaluating GU anomalies with low or no radiation. Therefore, it is essential that residents master the technical and imaging aspects of fluoscopy and ultrasound during residency training.