Purpose or Case Report: Congenital lung malformations are a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders whose etiology is not well stablished. Since they represent a spectrum of anomalies, diverse imaging appearance and clinical manifestations can be found. Although rare, their clinical importance is remarkable. Some of them can be a source of important morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Others, however, remain asymptomatic and may be incidentally detected in adulthood. Nowadays, these malformations are usually diagnosed in utero by prenatal imaging. In order to optimize diagnostic accuracy and disease management, it is imperative for radiologists to be familiar with the imaging characteristics of each lesion and the proper methods employed in their evaluation.

The purpose of this exhibit is:
- To describe the postnatal radiological appearance of some congenital lung diseases on conventional radiography, ultrasound (when available) and cross-sectional imaging methods;
- To conduct a brief review of the literature regarding etiology, epidemiology, clinical features and adequate diagnostic approach;
- To highlight the key imaging findings of each abnormality and their differential diagnoses;
- To briefly discuss management and follow-up of each condition.

Illustrative cases from our Radiology Department will be used to demonstrate the following entities:

1. Parenchymal anomalies:
- Lung hypoplasia;
- Congenital bronchial atresia;
- Congenital lobar emphysema;
- Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation);
- Pulmonary bronchogenic cysts;
- Tracheal bronchus;
- Accessory cardiac bronchus.

2. Vascular anomalies:
- Interruption of a main pulmonary artery;
- Pulmonary artery stenosis;
- Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

3. Combined parenchymal and vascular anomalies:
- Bronchopulmonary sequestration;
- Hypogenetic lung (scimitar) syndrome.
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