Showing 7 Abstracts.
Neurometabolic imaging is very challenging. Imaging may be essentially normal or show nonspecific parenchymal signal abnormality with no obvious pattern suggestive of a specific entity. This pictorial essay aims to provide an overview of current classification systems for metabolic disorders and provide a review of the imaging appearance of the top 10 most common recognisable metabolic disorders. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Blaser Susan
Keywords: Neurometabolic, metabolic disorders
Pediatric calvarial lesions are uncommon and range in significance from incidental developmental variants to life-threatening disorders. Lesions often come to attention as nonspecific palpable abnormalities and initial imaging work-up may vary. A structured approach is therefore critical to differentiate between non-aggressive and aggressive lesions, between lesions germane to bone and those with secondary calvarial involvement, as well as between truly localized lesions and focal manifestations of multifocal or systemic disease. Lesions with a characteristic imaging appearance include atretic cephalocele, occipital encephalocele, parietal foramina, calcified cephalohematoma, dermoid cyst and fibrous dysplasia. Other lesions may require further imaging of other body regions in conjunction with clinical features and laboratory tests including pathology, laboratory markers and genetic testing. These include chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis and neoplastic lesions such as Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma and metastasis. The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the multi-modality imaging appearance of the most common focal pediatric calvarial lesions to aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis and to direct subspecialty referral where appropriate. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Rosenbaum Daniel, Hughes Emily
Pediatric vascular and neoplastic orbital lesions are uncommon. Recognition of the imaging features of the most common orbital vascular lesions is important for directing appropriate and timely management. Early multimodality imaging work-up of extra-ocular and ocular neoplastic orbital lesions is key in the diagnostic work-up of these lesions. This pictorial essay aims to present a multimodality imaging approach to pediatric vascular and neoplastic orbital lesions and highlight the use of ocular ultrasound as a first imaging modality in narrowing the differential diagnosis, particularly in the case of vascular lesions. We will discuss vascular lesions (infantile hemangioma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation and carotid-cavernous fistula), extraocular neoplastic orbital lesions (chloroma, rhabdomyosarcoma, meningioma, optic glioma, schwannoma, teratoma, neuroblastoma with orbital bony metastases) and ocular neoplastic lesions (retinoblastoma, melanoma and nevus). Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Branson Helen, Navarro Oscar
Keywords: Orbit, ultrasound, neoplasm
Pediatric facial and scalp lesions are a common indication for imaging. Ultrasound is often the first imaging modality in the work-up of these lesions. While many soft-tissue lesions are nonspecific on ultrasound, there are several which have a characteristic sonographic appearance, including pseudotumors such as asymmetric buccal fat pads and fat necrosis, vascular lesions such as infantile hemangioma and venous malformations, scalp lesions such as cephalohematoma and subgaleal fluid collection and other lesions including dermoid cysts and pilomatricoma. Prompt recognition of these lesions can reduce unnecessary further investigations and improve timely diagnosis and management. The aim of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the characteristic sonographic appearances of the most common pediatric facial and scalp lesions with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging correlation where appropriate to aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis and if warranted direct subspecialty referral. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2024 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2024
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Marie Eman, Branson Helen, Navarro Oscar
Keywords: Scalp, Face, Ultrasound
Abnormal head shape is a common indication for imaging. While radiographs and ultrasound can play an important role, computed tomography is often the first imaging modality in the imaging work-up of abnormal head shape. It is important to understand the imaging appearance of normal sutures on each imaging modality and the normal progression of suture closure. The aim of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate the normal imaging appearance of the sutures on radiograph, ultrasound and computed tomography and to illustrate the features of the most common synostoses including single-suture craniosynostoses involving the metopic, sagittal and coronal sutures, and multi-suture craniosynostosis including Apert’s syndrome, Crouzon’s syndrome and Pfeiffer syndrome. In particular, we discuss the imaging work-up of multi-suture craniosynostosis including use of magnetic resonance imaging with an emphasis on pre- and post-operative imaging features and reporting tips. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2024 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2024
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Marie Eman, Navarro Oscar, Branson Helen
Keywords: Craniosynostosis, Skull, Sutures
Pediatric developmental and non-neoplastic orbital lesions are uncommon. Recognition of the most common pediatric developmental orbital lesions can aid the referring clinician in vision prognostication and prompt a search for other features in syndromic cases. Early recognition of non-neoplastic orbital lesions including infectious/inflammatory lesions, extra-ocular and ocular masses and trauma can direct appropriate and timely subspecialty referral and treatment. A structured approach to multimodality imaging work-up is important for narrowing the differential diagnosis of these lesions. This pictorial essay aims to present a multimodality imaging approach to pediatric developmental and non-neoplastic orbital lesions and highlight the use of ocular ultrasound as a first imaging modality in narrowing the differential diagnosis. We will discuss developmental lesions (persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, congenital cataracts, coloboma, morning glory disc anomaly, retinopathy of prematurity, microphthalmia and anophthalmia), infectious/inflammatory pathologies (preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, optic neuritis, chalazion, uveitis, toxocara and toxoplasmosis), extra-ocular non-neoplastic orbital/periorbital pathologies (dermoid cyst, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, thyroid ophthalmopathy, orbital pseudotumor, optic nerve sheath arachnoid cyst), ocular non-neoplastic lesions (drusen and phthisis bulbi) and trauma (orbital blow out fracture, globe rupture, orbital foreign body, globe contusion with hyphema and retinal detachment). Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023
Authors: Gerrie Samantha, Rajani Heena, Branson Helen, Navarro Oscar
Keywords: Orbit, ultrasound, developmental
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy in the pediatric population. Accurate diagnosis and staging of thyroid carcinoma demand a multimodality approach, including anatomic imaging with US, CT, and MRI, alongside functional or metabolic nuclear imaging. Novel imaging techniques such as US elastography, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and dual-source dual-energy thyroid CT have offered non-invasive tools to assess disease status. Furthermore, the emerging field of radiomics/radiogenomics and artificial intelligence is continuously growing, creating models to classify or predict disease behaviour. We provide a comprehensive overview of the essential imaging characteristics of pediatric thyroid carcinoma using conventional and novel imaging techniques. In addition, we illustrate the multimodality, multidisciplinary, and collaborative approach across pediatric radiology and nuclear medicine in pre-operative, post-operative and post-treatment imaging surveillance of cancer thyroid in children. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2024 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2024
Authors: Marie Eman, Navallas María, Gerrie Samantha, Olkh Juhi, Elghamudi Taha, Inarejos Clemente Emilio J, Navarro Oscar, Martinez-rios Claudia, Vali Reza