Although clinical history seems the most important diagnostic information in gastroesophageal reflux (GER), it is less reliable in pediatric practice, mainly under 2 years old. Diagnostic tests are needed to document the presence of GER and exclude associated conditions. Gastroesophageal ultrasonography (US) is a widely available, noninvasive and sensitive method that provides morphological and functional information in GER diagnosis. The purpose of this exhibit is: 1. To highlight the main points in the pathophysiology of GER in children; 2. To review the ultrasonographic technique employed in the evaluation of reflux episodes and in the assessment of gastroesophageal junction morphology; 3. To discuss current state of the literature concerning US and pediatric GER. Ultrasonography cases from our Radiology Department will be employed to illustrate the following topics: - Clarifying GER and GER disease (GERD) concepts; - Pathophysiology of GER in children; - Clinical presentation of GER according to age; - Diagnostic approaches to pediatric GER; - The role of US in the management of children with suspected GER; - The US technique in GER evaluation; - Understanding the normal gastroesophageal morphology on US; - Recognizing reflux episodes in US; - Sonographic assessment of abdominal esophageal length and His angle; - Literature divergences and recommendations regarding each step of the technique. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Defendi Larissa, Sameshima Yoshino, Yamanari Maurício, Neto Miguel José, Queiroz Marcos

Keywords: Esophageal, Ultrasound

McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that may include café-au-lait macules, hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies and fibrous dysplasia. The latter is an uncommon and debilitating skeletal disorder that leads to fractures, deformity, functional impairment and pain. Since bone imaging provides essential data for diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and follow-up, the radiologist plays a crucial role at all steps of MAS management – and sometimes becomes the first health professional to assess non-skeletal associated conditions in routine exams. The present study proposes a practical approach for imaging McCune Albright syndrome. The main findings on various imaging modalities will be discussed according to their topography, bringing together relevant information to enhance the diagnostic, prognostic and follow-up procedures. Case material from our institution will be used to illustrate the following topics: 1. Brief review of MAS pathophysiology; 2. Clinical features and differential diagnosis of MAS; 3. MAS and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; 4. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: imaging features, prognosis and follow-up; 5. Role of various imaging methods in non-skeletal manifestations. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Defendi Larissa, Sameshima Yoshino, Lee Henrique, Naves Erica, Ribeiro Suheyla, Yamanari Maurício, Neto Miguel José, Queiroz Marcos

Keywords: Fibrous Dysplasia