Purpose or Case Report: Teaching fluoroscopy skills remains an ongoing challenge in pediatric radiology education. Radiologists must be competent to perform a wide range of fluoroscopy procedures and are often required to teach these clinical skills to their peers, junior staff, and students. Teaching procedural skills through frameworks, observation, and feedback, with opportunities for repeated practice, assists in the learner’s acquisition and retention of skills. Fluoroscopy presents patient safety and ethical challenges as “practicing” this skill on patients requires ionizing radiation exposure and often invasive procedures. Through this educational exhibit, we describe a proposed program to improve skill performance, determine competency, and provide feedback. To improve voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) training two patient models were created for bladder catheterization with different grades of vesicoureteral reflux using 3D printing and silicon rubber. Additional educational materials, including videos and graphical representations, were created to better help the learner understand the steps of the VCUG protocol. A three-component curriculum included 1) Knowledge (indications, contraindications, complications); 2) Communication (with patient and family, with fluoroscopy team); and 3) Performance of the skill (preparation before commencing, steps and dexterity, immediate aftercare of the patient). We modeled our evaluation of the learner from Peyton’s four-step approach to skills teaching (Demonstration, Deconstruction, Formulation, and Performance) to teach the physical performance of the fluoroscopy procedure. Feedback was provided to the learners using the Pendleton Feedback Model. Finally, competency was assessed using the Framework for clinical assessment developed by Miller. This educational exhibit aims to provide radiologists in training with an alternative learning curriculum to better understand and evaluate the steps of the VCUG and its performance on patients in a simulated setting before being performed on patients.
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