Bao Rina,  Grant Ellen,  Ou Yangming

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-030

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain injury caused by a lack of blood and oxygen supply to the brain. HIE affects 4,000,000 term-born neonates per year worldwide, with an estimated 2 billion/year cost in the US, let alone family burdens. Therefore, reducing mortality and morbidity for HIE patients remains an important public health concern. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) was established in 2005 as a standard therapy by cooling patients to 33-34°C in the first six postnatal hours for 72 hours. However, 35–50% of the patients still experience adverse outcomes, defined as death or cognitive Bayley Scales of Infant Development by age two years. Ongoing HIE-related trials worldwide are testing whether new therapies can supplement TH and further reduce adverse outcomes. However, therapeutic innovation is slow and inconclusive, for 1) before therapy, patients at high risk of developing adverse outcomes cannot be identified; 2) after therapy, outcomes cannot be measured until age two years. Besides, public MRI data exists for hundreds of patients with brain tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease, and other diseases, fueling AI’s success in MRI-based diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumor, Alzheimer’s Disease, and other disorders. In contrast, annotated MRIs with linked clinical and bio-marker data do not exist publicly for HIE. Our previous work has collected multi-site HIE MRI data. Therefore, to fill the gap in HIE diagnosis with MRI data, target high-risk patients, increase efficiency, evaluate therapeutic effects early, and expedite therapeutic innovations, in this work, we propose to predict 2-year neurocognitive outcomes in neonates using brain MRIs by deep learning methods. Read More

Authors:  Bao Rina , Grant Ellen , Ou Yangming

Keywords:  Brain MRIs, Brain injury, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Cortes Albornoz Maria,  Machado Rivas Fedel,  Fazio Ferraciolli Suely,  Afacan Onur,  Jaimes Camilo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-073

In recent years, 7 Tesla MRI has become a valuable tool in the field of neuroimaging. Ultra-high field strength provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio, which is particularly advantageous for structural and vascular imaging, as well as MR Spectroscopy. Despite the many advantages, artifacts abound at 7T and limit its translation. Furthermore, the high SAR of these scanners and regulatory restrictions imposed by the FDA can limit accessibility for pediatric patients. This educational exhibit aims to delve deeper into these issues and:
1. Review the commercially available hardware.
2. Summarize regulatory and safety constraints.
3. Highlight the advantages of 7T for structural, vascular, and MRS.
4. Illustrate artifacts and limitations.
5. Present examples of brain abnormalities at 7T.

References:

1. Opheim G, van der Kolk A, Markenroth Bloch K, Colon AJ, Davis KA, et al. 7T Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Recommendations on the Use of 7T MRI in Clinical Practice. Neurology. 2021 Feb 16;96(7):327-341. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011413. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33361257; PMCID: PMC8055334. Read More

Authors:  Cortes Albornoz Maria , Machado Rivas Fedel , Fazio Ferraciolli Suely , Afacan Onur , Jaimes Camilo

Keywords:  7 Tesla, Brain, MRI

Bao Rina,  Grant Ellen,  Ou Yangming

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-027

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain injury that occurs in 1 ∼ 5/1000 term-born neonates. HIE lesion detection is a crucial step in clinical care of HIE. It could lead to a more accurate estimation of prognosis, a better understanding of neurological symptoms, and a timely prediction of response to therapy in this population. In addition, the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings hope to objectively and accurately finding HIE lesions. With public MRI data for brain tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease, and other diseases, AI has achieved significant success in MRI-based diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases. To facilitate the early prognosis and diagnosis of HIE, in this work, we focus on HIE lesion detection with MRI data using deep learning methods. Read More

Authors:  Bao Rina , Grant Ellen , Ou Yangming

Keywords:  Brain MRIs, Brain injury, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Hanquinet Sylviane,  Morice Claire,  Merlini Laura,  Cousin Vladimir,  Mclin Valérie,  Anooshiravani Mehrak

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-008

The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is mainly detected by neuropsychological tests. These tests, however, do not always apply depending on the status of the child (age, social and cultural environment) and are therfore not reliable for subtle changes. We propose to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (minHE) in children with chronic liver disease and/or porto-systemic shunting, using MRI with Diffusion-weighted (ADC) and ¹H- spectroscopy in the globus pallidum. Read More

Authors:  Hanquinet Sylviane , Morice Claire , Merlini Laura , Cousin Vladimir , Mclin Valérie , Anooshiravani Mehrak

Keywords:  hepatic encephalopathy, 1H- spectroscopy, brain MRI, chronic liver disease, porto-systemic shunting

W Mustapha Wan Irfan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-020

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct CNS inflammatory disease with symptoms and imaging findings that overlap with other neuroinflammatory disorders. We reported a 12-year-old girl with no known medical illness presented with gradually worsening blurring vision, and nearly blindness, associated with headache with a pain score of 2-5/10. The blurring vision started 1 week ago, initially over the right eye, then the left eye 3 days later, and subsequently, visual loss bilaterally. On examination, the pupil is 6 mm but has no perception of light. On fundoscopy, noted in both eyes: swelling, elevated, blurred margin, pink, dilated tortuous blood vessels, normal fovea reflex, no macula star, also no vitiritis or retinitis. The CNS examination is unremarkable. The patient then underwent a CT scan of the brain showed apart from right mastoiditis, no significant abnormality was detected in the brain parenchyma. Noted C3/C4 levels were normal; T4/TSH levels were normal, and ESR was 62 (raised). Since the CT brain finding was normal, we proceeded with an MRI of the brain, which showed leptomeningeal enhancement. Both retrobulbar intra-orbital segments of optic nerves appear symmetrical and swollen until the intracranial compartment just before the optic chiasm with enhancement is observed post-gadolinium. Both optic discs are also bulging in keeping with papilloedema. Both intra-orbital fats were streaky. The patient then had a lumbar puncture, and the result was normal. Serum aquaporin 4 is negative; however, the MOG antibody is detected. The patient was diagnosed with Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and was given intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for 5 days and steroids. Upon discharge, the patient's vision improves by up to 80%. Other differentials could be neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or multiple sclerosis (MS). It is important to get a correct and early diagnosis of MOGAD because the prognosis and treatment for MOGAD are different from those for NMOSD and MS. Read More

Authors:  W Mustapha Wan Irfan

Keywords:  MOGAD, Brain, MRI

Cortes Albornoz Maria,  Calixto Camilo,  Bedoya M. Alejandra,  Jaimes Camilo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-068

There is a widespread lack of familiarity with the normal appearance of the fetal brain in the early second trimester (12-18 weeks), particularly in MRI. Interpreting these images is challenging because of the continuous fetal motion, small size of structures, and immature appearance of the brain. This educational exhibit aims to increase awareness of the appearance of the fetal brain between 12- and 18-weeks gestation by presenting images of normal fetuses and establishing a correlation with same day ultrasound. All fetuses included in this exhibit were proven to have normal brains on late gestation fetal and/or post-natal brain MRI.

After viewing this exhibit the reader will (1) recognize the normal appearance of the brain in the early second trimester, (2) understand the specific developmental trajectories of major structures (ventricles, corpus callosum, etc…), (3) establish a correlation between the sonographic appearance and the fetal MRI. Read More

Authors:  Cortes Albornoz Maria , Calixto Camilo , Bedoya M. Alejandra , Jaimes Camilo

Keywords:  Fetal, Brain, MRI

Park Ji Eun,  Choi Young Hun,  Cheon Jung-eun,  Kim Woo Sun,  Kim In-one,  Cho Hyun Suk

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-023

Brain MRI in children is often limited by motion artifacts. Radial k-space sampling techniques have been shown to reduce motion artifacts.
To compare a contrast-enhanced radial volumetric interpolated brain examination (radial VIBE) sequence with a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP-RAGE) sequence in pediatric brain MR imaging.
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Authors:  Park Ji Eun , Choi Young Hun , Cheon Jung-eun , Kim Woo Sun , Kim In-one , Cho Hyun Suk

Keywords:  VIBE, radial VIBE, MPRAGE, Brain MRI