Epilepsy can be a progressive and debilitating illness in the pediatric population. There is a large range of congenital conditions that present with seizures in neonatal patients, which are essential for the radiologist to accurately characterize on imaging. Accurately diagnosing the cause of epilepsy can not only allow appropriate treatment, but also provide important information on prognosis and associated abnormalities. The goal of this educational poster is to provide an overview of different congenital etiologies of epilepsy. This case based review includes congenital malformations of the brain such as focal cortical dysplasia, schizencephaly, heterotopias, hemimegalencephaly, and polymicrogyria. Cases highlighting neurocutaneous conditions associated with epilepsy including tuberous sclerosis and Sturge-Weber are reviewed. Cortical injuries from insults such as congenital infection, hypoxic-ischemic injury, or hemorrhage are also included. Familiarity with the imaging findings of epilepsy is essential for the radiologist, especially the trainee and those with less experience with pediatric neuroimaging. After reviewing this educational poster, viewers will be able to describe the imaging features of congenital causes of epilepsy and understand the treatment and prognoses of these conditions. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019

Authors: Farkas Amy, Patel Niki, Joyner David

Keywords: Epilepsy, Congenital, Seizures

The clinical implications of craniosynostoses reach far beyond their striking cosmetic deformities. If untreated, craniosynostoses can lead to increased intracranial pressure, restriction of brain growth, and developmental delay, making the recognition of the findings and appropriate diagnosis critical. This electronic poster will provide an overview of various craniosynostoses including trigonocephaly, scaphocephaly, plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and the various combinations of abnormally fused sutures, with an emphasis on 3D reconstruction imaging. In addition, the expected timing of the fusion of sutures will be described, as well as potential pitfalls in the interpretation of craniosynostosis, including metopic ridge. A brief review of Crouzon, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes, those syndromes most commonly associated with craniosynostosis, will be provided. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Farkas Amy, Hooker Jeffrey, Joyner David

Keywords: Craniosynostosis

Epilepsy can be a progressive, debilitating illness, particularly in the pediatric population. More than half of brain tumors are associated with epilepsy, and 30% of these tumors will not respond to pharmacologic therapy. Recognizing lesions that cause seizures is imperative, as providing an accurate diagnosis can identify patients with surgically treatable disease. In the appropriate patient population, epilepsy surgery can be an effective management option that prevents significant morbidity and mortality from epilepsy and dramatically improves quality of life. This electronic poster will provide an overview of pediatric epileptogenic tumors including gangliogliomas, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, papillary glioneuronal tumor, pilocytic astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma. Cases featuring these tumors and their distinguishing characteristics will be reviewed, as both tumor subtype and location contribute to the epileptogenicity of pediatric brain tumors. The goal of this poster is to provide a framework for the evaluation of pediatric epileptogenic tumors to establish a focused differential diagnosis when these lesions are identified. This is particularly important for trainees and well as those who do not commonly encounter epileptogenic tumors in their practice. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Farkas Amy, Hooker Jeffrey, Joyner David

Keywords: Epilepsy, Brain tumor

The phakomatoses, or neurocutaneous syndromes, are the classically described congenital disorders with involvement of structures derived from the ectoderm. While the cutaneous manifestations of these conditions often establish their diagnosis, imaging characteristics can indicate the extent of disease and signify prognosis and potential complications related to the disorders. This educational poster reviews key multimodality imaging features and examples of infrequently encountered phakomatoses, including Sturge-Weber, von-Hippel Lindau disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, neurocutaneous melanosis, PHACES syndrome, basal cell nevus, and Parry-Romberg in pediatric patients. This case-based review of these syndromes will focus on relevant imaging findings with self-testing. After this electronic exhibit, residents will be able to describe the common imaging features of the less common phakomatoses. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Farkas Amy, Hooker Jeffrey, Joyner David

Keywords: Phakomatoses