Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an increasingly utilized tool for evaluating congenital anomalies of the fetus. While the utility of fetal MRI has most thoroughly been described for assessment of the fetal central nervous system, it is progressively used for imaging anomalies of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Because of the high inherent tissue contrast and its varied sequences, MRI can provide valuable information about the fetus and has been shown to assist parental counseling as well as prenatal and postnatal management. MRI protocols should be tailored to the specific clinical question at hand, which requires effective integration of pediatric radiologists within the fetal therapy team. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to highlight the role of fetal MRI in evaluating various congenital anomalies of the fetal chest, abdomen and pelvis, and discuss how fetal MRI findings may influence prenatal counseling and management. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Snyder Elizabeth, Baschat Ahmet, Huisman Thierry, Tekes-brady Aylin

Keywords: fetal MRI, fetal management

Vascular anomalies comprise both vascular tumors and vascular malformations which can occur anywhere in the body; the trunk and extremities being the second most common location following the head and neck. Accurate identification of these anomalies is important for proper clinical evaluation and management, particularly since these patients often require multidisciplinary care. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification, recently updated in 2014, is widely accepted and offers comprehensive classification for all medical subspecialties involved in the care of these complex anomalies, thus providing common language among caregivers. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to highlight the most important MRI and MRA imaging findings in order to identify these lesions according to the 2014 ISSVA classification. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Snyder Elizabeth, Puttgen Kate, Mitchell Sally, Tekes-brady Aylin

Keywords: vascular anomalies, MRI/MRA, time-resolved MRA

Sonography is well established, effective and radiation free imaging tool in pediatric chest conditions, primarily and widely used for evaluation of pleural effusions and assessment of chest wall abnormalities. Beyond that, it can also provide valuable information in evaluation of congenital abnormalities, anatomical variations, infectious process and malignancies in the chest. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Machnitz Judit, Son Jennifer, Dunn Emily, Bokhari Danial, Spevak Melissa, Tekes-brady Aylin

Keywords: chest ultrasound, under utilization, radiation free

‘E-cigarettes,’ also known as ‘vapes’, are handheld battery-powered devices which heat and deliver aerosolized liquid (usually containing nicotine) to the respiratory tract via inhalation. E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product amongst youth in the U.S. today. Over 1 in 4 U.S. teens report vaping in the past 30 days. Pod-based forms, such as JUUL, are especially popular with teens. These and other devices are also popular among adults. The contents of commercially available solutions, or e-liquids, are poorly regulated. Aerosol generated by the devices may contain varying levels of nicotine, flavorings (which are often toxic), heavy metals, ultrafine particles, volatile organic compounds, and other unknown materials. Moreover, users may add substances of their choice to the liquid, including marijuana or other THC-containing products. Short and long-term health effects associated with vaping are incompletely understood, likely in part due to heterogeneity of products, variable consumption amongst users, and the relatively recent introduction and popularization of these devices. Awareness of negative health effects associated with vaping is increasing. Exposure to highly addictive nicotine has effects on the developing brain, leading to ADHD-like symptoms and often lifelong addiction. Teen e-cigarette use has been associated with an increased risk of future conventional cigarette smoking. Over 1000 cases of acute vaping-associated lung injury in the U.S. have been reported to the CDC as of October, 1, 2019. There is increased recognition of lung injury with early studies identifying a number of imaging patterns of pulmonary disease in adults, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, lipoid pneumonia, and others. Radiologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for vaping-associated lung injury in the assessment of patients with respiratory distress and possible exposure. Recognition of imaging features of vaping-associated lung injury is especially important in children and young adults, who may not endorse a history of exposure. Identification of clinical and radiologic features associated with e-cigarette use can drive screening and cessation efforts. In this presentation, we present cases which highlight radiographic and CT imaging features of acute lung disease associated with e-cigarette use in children and young adults. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Dunn Emily, Bokhari Danial, Machnitz Judit, Facciola James, Lu Monica, Aoyama Brianna, Sadreameli S. Christy, Tekes-brady Aylin

Keywords: e-cigarette, vaping, lung injury