Chotai Heena,  Liu Amanda,  Durand Rachelle,  Courtier Jesse,  Davda Sunit

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-040

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a recognized but still uncommon disease with an incidence varying between 1 to 3 cases per 100,000 annually. It consists of a triad of acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, with this triad resulting from endothelial cell damage, intravascular hemolysis, platelet activation, and subsequent microthrombi with multi-organ involvement.

Classical cases involve a school age child with diarrhea with diarrhea and acute renal failure. This form of HUS is post-infectious from exposure to a Shigella toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and was previously called typical HUS. A newer understanding of the condition and pathophysiology has brought about changes into the classification, which the radiologist should be aware of. HUS can now be best divided into:

- Hereditary HUS (where there are gene-related changes affecting the body’s coagulation regulation)
- Acquired HUS, which can be post-infectious (as in STEC, pneumoccous, HIV), from autoantibodies or drug-related.

As understanding of the condition has changed, this review aims to bring the imaging features in line for hereditary HUS and acquired HUS. This cross-center educational review will focus on multi-modality and multi-system imaging findings, which have typical features on ultrasound, CT and MRI. It will also highlight differences that occur in the presentation and findings in three large centers that are positioned in different parts of the world. We will focus on early recognition to aid the clinician; however, we will also detail the significant complications in the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems that can occur.

Learning Points:
- Understand the evolution of HUS classification and appreciation of how this is important for the radiologist to aid diagnosis.
- Learn the imaging findings in classical HUS as well as the rarer forms of HUS, in addition to how these conditions present across different countries.
- Appreciation of the use of multimodality imaging to facilitate earlier detection to aid the clinician and child with earlier diagnosis.
- Recognition of the multisystem organ involvement and complications associated with HUS. Read More

Authors:  Chotai Heena , Liu Amanda , Durand Rachelle , Courtier Jesse , Davda Sunit

Keywords:  Anemia, Renal Failure

Matos Rojas Irma,  Lazarte Claudia,  Katekaru Tokeshi Doris,  Ugas Carlos,  Valdez Quintana Melissa,  Casamayor Alvina

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-13 (R)

Significant progress in improving outcome for patients with oncohematological diseases are attributed to intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, platelet transfusions, development of new imaging techniques, new antimicrobials and others. All these advances increase the survival of these patients which in turn increases the frequent of risk of infections that are substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
The purpose of this exhibit is to show the spectrum of infections in these patients; describe the imaging finding according to the etiology and associated factors.

There are a number of factors that need to be considered in order to interpret abnormalities seen on radiology as the type of hematological disease, stage of the hematological disease, treatment phase, profile of immunodeficiency, treatment for infection received, patient history and clinical signs. For example, according to type of immunosuppression there are different spectrum of infections but leukemia affect all types of immunosuppression that include neutropenia, T cell defect and B cell defect. Read More

Authors:  Matos Rojas Irma , Lazarte Claudia , Katekaru Tokeshi Doris , Ugas Carlos , Valdez Quintana Melissa , Casamayor Alvina

Keywords:  infections, Hematologic malignancy, Pediatric, diagnostic accuracy, aplastic anemia