Rozovsky Katya,  Higgins Rick,  Moffatt Hayley,  Wrogemann Jens,  Al-somali Faisal,  Miller Elka,  Alqublan Lina,  Bunge Martin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-053

Blastomycosis is a rare granulomatous fungal infection, endemic to Canada and Midwest of the North America. The clinical features of blastomycosis are extremely variable, since the disease may involve any organ or system. Pediatric blastomycosis is uncommon, and the diagnosis is often delayed, which results in severe and disseminated disease by the time of diagnosis. Imaging studies plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with blastomycosis.
The purpose of our educational exhibit is to describe the imaging features of pulmonary and extrapulmonary blastomycosis in the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Rozovsky Katya , Higgins Rick , Moffatt Hayley , Wrogemann Jens , Al-somali Faisal , Miller Elka , Alqublan Lina , Bunge Martin

Keywords:  blastomycosis, multi system manifestation, rare granulomatous fungal infection

Thomas Aby,  Steiner Michael,  Teague Clint

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-032

Congenital infections or in utero infections results from a wide variety of pathogens. The most common ones are referred by the mnemonic TORCH infections. The manifestations of congenital infections are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, life-threatening conditions. Common presentations include neurological abnormalities, hearing and vision impairments, developmental delays, and growth problems.

This review aims to discuss the radiological manifestations of the TORCH infections with emphasis on the resurgence of syphilis as a significant concern within the realm of congenital infections. And in by doing so, underscore the critical role of radiology in facilitating early detection and enabling timely intervention. Read More

Authors:  Thomas Aby , Steiner Michael , Teague Clint

Keywords:  TORCH, Syphilis, congenital infection

Szymanski Kathryn,  Pfeifer Cory,  Friedman Neil,  Kuwabara Michael

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-033

Balamuthia mandrillaris is an amoeba that causes an uncommon but deadly encephalitis, referred to as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The highest incidence reported worldwide has occurred in America, and within the United States, it has been highest in the Southwest affecting predominantly children and young men of Hispanic ethnicity. Clinical presentation of GAE includes fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, stiff neck, hallucinations, photophobia, and seizures. Our patient was a Hispanic male child living in Arizona. The patient presented at 3 years of age for severe encephalitis. Symptoms included difficulty with balance, gait, and sitting up and seizure-like activity. Initial CT showed an area of decreased density consistent with edema in the left frontoparietal lobe. Rapid progression was seen on further imaging over the length of the patient’s hospital stay revealing diffusion restriction, necrosis/blood products, edema, and hemorrhage. The patient expired from tonsillar herniation 22 days after the onset of initial symptoms and 4 days after admission to our institution. While there are multiple biochemical techniques that can test for B. mandrillaris, they are rarely employed for multiple reasons stemming from the rare occurrence of this infection. Balamuthia mandrillaris can cause a lethal brain infection. Because of the fatal nature of this infection, we propose 1) testing should be considered if a patient presents with progressing encephalitis on imaging and other pathogenic etiologies are ruled out and 2) the threshold to treat empirically should be low due to the fatal nature of the infection. Read More

Authors:  Szymanski Kathryn , Pfeifer Cory , Friedman Neil , Kuwabara Michael

Keywords:  amoeba, Balamuthia mandrillaris, brain infection

Smith (garcia) Jacquelyn,  Meyers Mariana,  Mirsky David

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-028

Central nervous system (CNS) infections acquired in-utero are a significant cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection is crucial for timely therapy, prognostication, and peripartum planning. Fetal imaging plays an important role in diagnosing CNS infection and determining the extent of involvement. It has been of particular diagnostic importance with the current outbreak of Zika virus, a neurotropic virus that can result in severe CNS anomalies. An imaging review of commonly encountered congenital infections, including Zika virus, will be presented, with an emphasis on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Read More

Authors:  Smith (garcia) Jacquelyn , Meyers Mariana , Mirsky David

Keywords:  Fetal MRI, CNS Infection, Zika Virus

Matos Rojas Irma,  Lazarte Claudia,  Katekaru Tokeshi Doris,  Ugas Carlos,  Valdez Quintana Melissa,  Casamayor Alvina

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-13 (R)

Significant progress in improving outcome for patients with oncohematological diseases are attributed to intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, platelet transfusions, development of new imaging techniques, new antimicrobials and others. All these advances increase the survival of these patients which in turn increases the frequent of risk of infections that are substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
The purpose of this exhibit is to show the spectrum of infections in these patients; describe the imaging finding according to the etiology and associated factors.

There are a number of factors that need to be considered in order to interpret abnormalities seen on radiology as the type of hematological disease, stage of the hematological disease, treatment phase, profile of immunodeficiency, treatment for infection received, patient history and clinical signs. For example, according to type of immunosuppression there are different spectrum of infections but leukemia affect all types of immunosuppression that include neutropenia, T cell defect and B cell defect. Read More

Authors:  Matos Rojas Irma , Lazarte Claudia , Katekaru Tokeshi Doris , Ugas Carlos , Valdez Quintana Melissa , Casamayor Alvina

Keywords:  infections, Hematologic malignancy, Pediatric, diagnostic accuracy, aplastic anemia

Misiura Anne,  Urbine Jaqueline,  Mallon Mea,  Malik Archana,  Kazmi Faaiza,  Poletto Erica

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-082

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a potentially devastating neurological diagnosis for which prompt recognition is crucial for patient management. The appearance of HIE on imaging depends on the duration and severity of the hypoperfusion injury, which can range from global to subtle. As such, the differential diagnosis is wide, including infectious, metabolic, and congenital dysmyelination causes. It is also critical for the pediatric radiologist to be aware of possible confounding cases when presented with imaging features seen in HIE which would significantly change management. Read More

Authors:  Misiura Anne , Urbine Jaqueline , Mallon Mea , Malik Archana , Kazmi Faaiza , Poletto Erica

Keywords:  Hypoxic, Infection, Encephalopathy

Gnannt Ralph,  Patel Premal,  Amaral Joao,  Parra Dimitri,  Connolly Bairbre

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-009

Preservation of venous access in children is a major concern in pediatric interventional radiology. If a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) breaks, there are two options: repair the line with a repair kit or exchange the line over a wire in the interventional suite. The purpose of this study is to explore the outcome (patency, success and infection) of PICC repairs in children and to compare those risks to that of PICC exchange. Read More

Authors:  Gnannt Ralph , Patel Premal , Amaral Joao , Parra Dimitri , Connolly Bairbre

Keywords:  PICC, repair, infection

Alian Ali,  Pfeifer Cory

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-095

In 2017, children under the age of 15 accounted for only 10% of the 10 million Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infections estimated by the World Health Organization. Child carriers of TB pose health risks to their adult caregivers, and children can exhibit greater susceptibility to significant health risks from the infection. Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection presents disparate health risks and can generate imaging specific findings. This presentation addresses radiologic manifestations of mycobacterial disease as a means to educate pediatric radiologists given the medical significance of mycobacterial infection. Read More

Authors:  Alian Ali , Pfeifer Cory

Keywords:  tuberculosis, infection, multi-system