Germaine Colton,  Richards Allyson,  Tocchio Shannon

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-001

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare genetic disorder affecting an infant’s cardiovascular system with additional possible manifestations in the skin, retina, joints and auditory system. This condition carries a high mortality rate, with many infants not surviving past birth. For those who do survive past infancy, there are many challenges to consider when evaluating and treating these patients. There is limited research and imaging available regarding GACI, making the diagnosis and management of these patient even more complex. In this presentation, we review a case of GACI with an emphasis on clinical considerations, imaging findings and options for management.

CONTENT ORGANIZATION:
1) Overview and epidemiology of GACI.
2) Case review of an infant born with GACI.
3) Review pertinent imaging findings in the prenatal and postnatal period.
4) Discuss management and current research for GACI.

SUMMARY:
The major teaching points will include:
1) GACI is extremely rare and often difficult to diagnose.
2) A discussion of essential imaging findings and in which circumstances a radiologist should consider a diagnosis of GACI.
3) Current management considerations and recommendations for follow-up in GACI. Read More

Authors:  Germaine Colton , Richards Allyson , Tocchio Shannon

Keywords:  Arterial Stenosis, Aorta, Neonatal

Patil Kedar,  Gorelik Natalia,  Kumalo Zonah,  Bure Lionel,  Albuquerque Pedro,  Faingold Ricardo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-059

There is no standardized evidence-based neonatal head ultrasound (HUS) training guidelines within the literature. Simulation models have previously shown to improve resident proficiency in performing ultrasound-guided procedures. We developed an ultrasound-compatible neonatal brain phantom from polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (Figure 1) with the relevant cross-sectional anatomy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether resident performance in HUS improves with the use of this novel brain phantom training model. Read More

Authors:  Patil Kedar , Gorelik Natalia , Kumalo Zonah , Bure Lionel , Albuquerque Pedro , Faingold Ricardo

Keywords:  Neonatal Head Ultrasound

Critser Paul,  Higano Nara,  Kingma Paul,  Fleck Robert,  Lang Sean,  Hirsch Russel,  Taylor Michael,  Woods Jason

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 017

BPD is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and patients with BPD-associated PH (BPD-PH) have increased morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive assessment of BPD-PH has traditionally relied on echocardiograms. However, recent advances have allowed the use of MRI in the assessment of respiratory and cardiac disease in infants with BPD. In adults and older pediatric patients, increased left ventricular eccentricity index (MR-EI) and decreased MRI septal curvature correlate with increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The current study sought to determine the relationship of MR-EI and septal curvature in neonates with BPD and BPD-PH with short term respiratory outcomes and need for pulmonary vasodilator therapies. Read More

Authors:  Critser Paul , Higano Nara , Kingma Paul , Fleck Robert , Lang Sean , Hirsch Russel , Taylor Michael , Woods Jason

Keywords:  Outcomes, Neonatal, lungs

Yousef Ayat,  Gerrie Samantha,  Alharbi Khalid,  Saint-martin Christine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-076

The clinical presentation of neonatal CNS infections is often non-specific, requiring neuroimaging to narrow the differential diagnoses for prompt treatment and improved outcomes. Congenital infections include TORCH infections (Toxoplasmosis, Others (HIV, parvovirus, syphilis, and others), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex). Perinatal and postnatal CNS infections are related to other less common pathogens such as E. coli, Enterobacter, Candida, Parechovirus, and COVID-19 infections.

The imaging pattern of neonatal CNS infections varies depending on the patient’s age and stage of development at the time of exposure. The presentations of neonatal CNS infections include meningitis, encephalitis, leukoencephalopathy and vasculitis with and without complications.

Imaging aids in narrowing the differential diagnosis in complex cases and allows for the recognition of complications. We describe the imaging findings of neonatal CNS infections, ranging from common TORCH infections to rare pathogens.

We provide an educational case-based review of the imaging findings of various neonatal CNS infections while discussing their complications such as arterial stroke, venous thrombosis, hydrocephalus, abscess, and subdural empyema. We will explain the various imaging modalities used in the approach to neonatal infection while highlighting the precautions and need for administering IV contrast.

We aim to establish a systematic approach to the imaging workup of neonatal CNS infections to narrow the correct diagnosis, thereby expediting appropriate subspecialty referral and treatment. Read More

Authors:  Yousef Ayat , Gerrie Samantha , Alharbi Khalid , Saint-martin Christine

Keywords:  CNS Infection, Neonatal, Education

Siu Navarro Youck Jen,  Poletto Erica,  Malik Archana,  Koenigsberg Robert

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-053

Congenital tumors represent only 1.5–2% of all pediatric tumors, with a prevalence of 1:12,500 to 1:27,500 live births. Tumors are considered congenital when detected during pregnancy or in the first 3 months of life (1). Nowadays, with more accessible prenatal care and fetal imaging, these tumors can be detected very early during fetal period. Some lesions are benign, while others carry high risk of morbidity and mortality postnatally. As a radiologist, it is important to be familiar with these tumors by recognizing their imaging features, imaging modality work up and differential diagnosis. Doing so, we contribute to a proper imaging evaluation, early diagnosis and management.

The objectives of this educational exhibit are:
-To describe the imaging features of some congenital tumors on different image modalities.
-To recognize and emphasize the key radiologic findings of each tumor and their differential diagnoses.
-To briefly review the literature, including etiology, epidemiology, cytopathology characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

Pictorial cases from our Radiology Department will be used to describe the imaging features of the following entities:

1) Head/Neck:
● Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT)
● Cervical teratoma
● Hemangioma

2) Chest:
● Neuroblastoma
● Cardiac rhabdomyoma

3) Abdomen- Pelvis:
● Hepatic hemangioendothelioma
● Hepatic hemangioma
● Neuroblastoma
● Mesoblastic nephroma
● Sacrococcygeal teratoma

4) Soft tissues:
● Infantile fibrosarcoma

5) Systemic:
● Leukemia Read More

Authors:  Siu Navarro Youck Jen , Poletto Erica , Malik Archana , Koenigsberg Robert

Keywords:  congenital tumor, neonatal tumors

Kim Taehoo,  Faingold Ricardo,  Daneman Alan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-009

A preterm male infant born at 28+2 weeks from twin pregnancy was admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit post urgent cesarean section for placental abruption. Postnatal echocardiogram confirmed multiple cardiac abnormalities including double outlet right ventricle with D-transposition of great arteries, requiring an arterial switch operation. His hospital course was complicated by seizure with previous documentation of left grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage and multifocal thromboembolic stroke on brain MRI. At 2 months of life, he required a chest tube insertion during which he had a cardiac arrest requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Head US at 2 hours post-cannulation showed new bilateral symmetrical linear hyperechoic abnormalities in the periventricular supratentorial regions predominantly in the watershed areas, extending peripherally reaching the cortices. Similar new hyperechoic linear foci were seen in the right thalamus. While the clinical diagnosis at this time included watershed infarcts, the pattern of hyperechogenicity with dirty shadowing suggested air emboli, less likely hemorrhage or calcifications.

Follow-up head US at 5 hours post-cannulation was arranged which showed near-complete resolution of the previously seen bilateral parenchymal hyperechoic abnormalities. Thus, we concluded resolving cerebral intravascular air emboli secondary to recent ECMO cannulation, rather than watershed infarcts. No evidence of new evolving infarct nor intracranial hemorrhage was noted.

The patient unfortunately sustained a fulminant septic shock and end-organ injuries despite maximum medical therapies. His family elected to withdraw all life-sustaining therapies the day after his head US.

Systemic air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication of ECMO. Rapid recognition is important for reducing morbidity and mortality. Head ultrasound is usually the first brain imaging study performed in neonates for screening. Bilateral periventricular increased echogenicity can be seen in a wide range of different pathologies, including but not limited to periventricular leukomalacia, infarcts, hemorrhages and neonatal encephalitis. This case report highlights important sonographic features distinguishing intracranial air embolism from other confounding diagnosis. Read More

Authors:  Kim Taehoo , Faingold Ricardo , Daneman Alan

Keywords:  Brain Ultrasound, Neonatal, ECMO

Burger Matthew,  Lindsay Aaron

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-011

Educational goals: Highlight epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and treatment for common neonatal obstructions considered high in the intestinal tract including malrotation with midgut volvulus, duodenal atresia, duodenal web, annular pancreas, and proximal jejunal atresia.

Malrotation with midgut volvulus occurs when abnormally rotated and fixated small bowel twists about the superior mesenteric artery. This often presents with bilious vomiting in the first month of life and requires emergent surgical repair. Abdominal radiographs may be normal or show distention of the stomach and proximal duodenum with some distal bowel gas seen. An upper GI fluoroscopy exam (UGI) demonstrates a spiral/corkscrew sign or abrupt beaking with small bowel malrotation. Duodenal atresia is usually the result of incomplete recanalization of the duodenum. This presents at birth with abdominal distention and bilious or non-bilious vomiting depending on the segment of duodenum affected. Treatment is surgical resection of the atresia and reanastomosis. Classically on radiograph there is a double bubble sign, which may be seen on an antenatal ultrasound. Duodenal web results from an incomplete diaphragm/web within the lumen which causes intermittent complete or partial obstruction. There may be mild symptoms, or it may present similarly to duodenal atresia. It usually presents after the first week of life but may present in any age. Treatment is usually surgical or endoscopic resection. Abdomen radiographs may show mild proximal dilation or a double bubble sign distal bowel gas. UGI classically shows a windsock sign or duodenal dimple sign. Annular pancreas results from incomplete rotation of the ventral pancreatic bud leading to pancreatic tissue encasing the descending duodenum. The presentation and age of onset varies, in neonates and children it causes similar symptoms of duodenal obstruction. Cross-sectional imaging shows the duct draining the pancreatic head encircling the duodenum. Symptomatic cases of annular pancreas are usually treated surgically to alleviate obstructive symptoms. Jejunal atresia results from a vascular injury in utero causing one or more areas of stenosis/atresia. Proximal jejunal atresia presents with abdominal distention and bilious emesis. Abdominal radiographs classically show a triple bubble sign. Treatment is surgical resection of the involved segments of bowel. Read More

Authors:  Burger Matthew , Lindsay Aaron

Keywords:  Bowel obstruction, Neonatal

Cao Joseph,  Bache Steve,  Solomon Justin,  Hallam Kristina,  Ramirez-giraldo Juan Carlos,  Samei Ehsan,  Frush Donald

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-073

Critically ill neonatal, cardiovascular, and pediatric ICU patients often cannot be transported for advanced imaging due to clinical instability, staffing, and monitoring needs. Our goal was to evaluate the potential of repurposing a mobile CT system for chest and abdominopelvic imaging in pediatric ICU patients. Read More

Authors:  Cao Joseph , Bache Steve , Solomon Justin , Hallam Kristina , Ramirez-giraldo Juan Carlos , Samei Ehsan , Frush Donald

Keywords:  Computed Tomography, Mobile, Neonatal

Marin Concha Julio,  Qu Feifei,  Hernandez Andrade Edgar,  Jella Pavan,  Mody Swati,  Subramanian Karthikeyan,  Ghassaban Kiarash,  Romero Roberto,  Haacke E.

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a powerful tool for the detection of ferromagnetic components. This property can be used for the early detection of pathologic conditions related to liver iron overload. Neonatal hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis are conditions associated with severe liver disease. Infections like parvovirus and cytomegalovirus, metabolic conditions and gestational allo-immune liver disease can produce neonatal hemochromatosis phenotype.
Fetal iron overload can be detected early by using T₂* multi-echo gradient sequence.
There are only few studies reporting standard T₂* values of the fetal liver at 1.5 T.
The aim of this study is to evaluated the standard T₂* values of the fetal liver using prenatal MRI with 3.0 T. Read More

Authors:  Marin Concha Julio , Qu Feifei , Hernandez Andrade Edgar , Jella Pavan , Mody Swati , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Ghassaban Kiarash , Romero Roberto , Haacke E.

Keywords:  Fetal MRI, T2* mapping, Neonatal hemochromatosis

Tan Timothy Shao Ern

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-019

Paediatric fluoroscopy was recently incorporated into Singapore’s national FRCR aligned didactic curriculum, highlighting a growing need for structured and clinically relevant teaching in this domain. This study evaluates a novel, high-yield, case-based teaching model designed to enhance residents’ understanding, confidence, and exam preparedness in paediatric fluoroscopy. Read More

Authors:  Tan Timothy Shao Ern

Keywords:  Fluoroscopy, Paediatric Radiology, Neonatal Bowel Obstruction

Iordanou James,  Kelsch Ryan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-077

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most common causes of neurological injury in neonates. Given the variability of clinical manifestations, ranging from normal neurological outcomes to profound neurocognitive impairment or death, precise characterization is critical in prognostication. Evaluation is made more challenging by the unique morphologic features of the neonatal brain which constantly evolve as the nervous system matures. With this in mind, the timing of disease and duration of insult can produce characteristic imaging patterns. The timing of imaging is also crucial, as typical patterns may become occult or obscure in the subacute/chronic setting. Unexplained signal abnormalities seen in the neonate may also be erroneously attributed to HIE, when in fact another underlying disease process may be the etiology. The goal after viewing this exhibit is to have a clear and concise pattern based approach for the diagnosis and prognostication of HIE while highlighting important differentials that may mimic this disease.

The exhibit will review the most common morphologic patterns of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates with perinatal HIE using sample brain MRI and ultrasound studies from our institution over the last 3 years. Initially focus will be placed on discussing subtypes and mechanisms of classic HIE based on the severity of the insult and duration of ischemia (mild/moderate acute, mild/moderate prolonged, severe acute, and severe prolonged). Characteristic schematic and imaging examples will be provided for each category. Additionally, for each pattern of injury several alternative diagnoses will be discussed which can mimic HIE in the term neonate, and imaging examples will be provided. The potential mimics will include developmental, vascular, infectious, metabolic, and congenital etiologies.

Understanding the variable patterns of HIE is paramount in providing both an accurate report and aiding in prognostication. Equally important is knowing and considering differential diagnoses for common mimics of HIE, which may dramatically alter management. Read More

Authors:  Iordanou James , Kelsch Ryan

Keywords:  Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), Neonatal Outcomes, MRI Brain

Wolf Joel,  Remon Juan,  Myers Eliza,  Blumfield Einat

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-034

Iatrogenic upper gastrointestinal (GI) injuries are rare occurrences with predisposition in premature births, low birth weight, multiple attempts at OGT placement. Medical literature on the topic consists of case reports and mostly has been from the perspective of management with very limited literature on diagnostic evaluation. As the clinical presentation of such iatrogenic injuries is nonspecific, the radiographic appearance may be the only clue for diagnosis and the typical findings should be recognized and diagnosed by radiologists and neonatologists. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the radiographic findings and a diagnostic approach to guide the radiologist. A retrospective case-review was performed from 2009-2017, of neonates with upper GI injuries associated with naso/orogastric tube placement or with pharyngeal auctioning at birth ( a single case). Seven cases were found comprising of five females and two males. Six of seven neonates were premature with gestational ages ranging from 24 weeks and 2 days to 28 weeks, and birth weights spanning 515-1085 grams. The 38 week neonate weiged 3500 grams. We report three types of injury: 1) posterior pharyngeal rupture, 2) non-complicated esophageal rupture with formation of a false lumen, 3) complicated esophageal rupture with penetration into the right pleural space. Management has evolved over time from a primarily surgically oriented approach to a more conservative approach involving TPN and antibiotics. Read More

Authors:  Wolf Joel , Remon Juan , Myers Eliza , Blumfield Einat

Keywords:  iatrogenic injury, neonatal upper gi rupture

Gwal Kriti,  A Ebinesh,  Ames Jeff,  Dong Su-zhen,  Lorenz Kevin,  Hwang Misun,  Barton Katherine,  Birkemeier Krista,  Shah Chetan,  Verhage Thomas,  Narayanan Srikala,  Li Yi,  Janitz Emily,  Brown Brandon

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-023

The Society of Pediatric Radiology (SPR) has recognized the urgent need for improved education in neonatal imaging, especially given rapid advancements and innovation in imaging technology and techniques. This initiative is aimed at pinpointing specific areas within neonatal imaging that require enhanced outreach and training for physicians, ultimately to improve care for neonates. Read More

Authors:  Gwal Kriti , A Ebinesh , Ames Jeff , Dong Su-zhen , Lorenz Kevin , Hwang Misun , Barton Katherine , Birkemeier Krista , Shah Chetan , Verhage Thomas , Narayanan Srikala , Li Yi , Janitz Emily , Brown Brandon

Keywords:  Education, Neonatal, Preterm Neonate

Llorens-salvador Roberto,  Veiga-canuto Diana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-037

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, resulting from a substantial reduction in functional small intestine.
It may arise from congenital anomalies or acquired conditions requiring extensive bowel resection.
This educational exhibit presents a review of the different pathologies potentially leading to SBS in neonates, to help radiologists offer an early and accurate diagnosis, critical to optimize clinical outcomes.
We review and illustrate conditions using multimodality imaging in:
1. Congenital causes of SBD:
Gastroschisis.
Bowel atresia.
Complicated meconium ileus.
Meconium peritonitis and meconium pseudocyst.
2. Acquired causes of SBS:
Malrotation and midgut volvulus.
Necrotizing enterocolitis.
Hirschsprung’s disease.

This study aims to underscore the essential role of perinatal imaging in the early detection, characterization, and management planning of both congenital and acquired etiologies leading to SBS in the neonatal population.
Emphasis is placed on the diagnostic utility of prenatal ultrasound and MRI and postnatal imaging techniques starting with plain radiography, contrast studies, and cross-sectional imaging in the neonatal period. Read More

Authors:  Llorens-salvador Roberto , Veiga-canuto Diana

Keywords:  Prenatal Imaging, Neonatal Bowel Obstruction, Perinatal

Munidasa Samal,  Bates Alister,  Kingma Paul,  Hysinger Erik,  Woods Jason,  Willmering Matthew,  Muslu Yavuz,  De Arcos Jose,  Morin Cara,  Kocaoglu Murat,  Fleck Robert,  Pednekar Amol,  Tanimoto Aki,  Higano Nara

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-025

Qualitative scores of parenchymal disease severity from 3D lung MRI predict clinical outcomes such as duration of respiratory support in infants with BPD. However, current methods suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and motion-related blurring, reducing interpretability and diagnostic confidence. The inherently quiet zero echo time (ZTE) MRI with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) may improve diagnostic reliability but has not been evaluated in infants. This study assessed the feasibility of ZTE MRI and image quality improvements with DLR in infants with BPD. Read More

Authors:  Munidasa Samal , Bates Alister , Kingma Paul , Hysinger Erik , Woods Jason , Willmering Matthew , Muslu Yavuz , De Arcos Jose , Morin Cara , Kocaoglu Murat , Fleck Robert , Pednekar Amol , Tanimoto Aki , Higano Nara

Keywords:  Neonatal, Deep Learning, Pulmonary

Collard Michael,  Kwon Jeannie,  Mangona Kate Louise,  Pfeiffer Cory

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-068

Head ultrasound has long been utilized in the first few months of life to screen neonates for hemorrhage, assess midline anatomy, characterize extra-axial fluid collections, elucidate causes for suspected ventriculomegaly, and serially evaluate parenchymal echotexture without exposing the child to ionizing radiation or the expense of MRI. Less commonly utilized in a routine fashion is Doppler interrogation of the midline vasculature as part of the inpatient routine head ultrasound protocol. This exhibit will educate the reader on how and when transfontanelle Doppler can be utilized and the benefits it can provide. Read More

Authors:  Collard Michael , Kwon Jeannie , Mangona Kate Louise , Pfeiffer Cory

Keywords:  Doppler, Cranial, Neonatal

Vazquez Elida,  Delgado Ignacio,  Sanchez-montañez Angel,  Barber Ignasi

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-024

Open spinal dysraphism occurs as a consequence of failed neurulation during embryological development and includes two subtypes, myelomeningocele and myelocele. Intrauterine fetal repair can result in reversal of the associated Chiari II malformation and is now considered a treatment option.
The main imaging method for prenatal detection, management, and monitoring of open neural tube defects is US, but MRI is essential for the preoperative assessment, indications and workup for fetal surgery, and postnatal follow-up. This prospective study describes the contribution of MRI in this clinical scenario. Read More

Authors:  Vazquez Elida , Delgado Ignacio , Sanchez-montañez Angel , Barber Ignasi

Keywords:  Fetal, Neonatal, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Myelomeningocele, Spina bifida

Kennedy Patrick,  Baad Michael,  Kovanlikaya Arzu,  Cohen Sara,  Collins Lee,  Pomeranz Christy

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-029

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare in the neonatal period and has a different distribution of disease and prognosis compared to older cohorts, requiring extensive imaging evaluation and familiarity of the radiologist with potential sites of involvement. Treatment and prognosis is dependent on accurate pretreatment evaluation. In this educational poster, we first describe histiocystic disorders, the current and prior classification schema, and the role of imaging in pretreatment evaluation of LCH. Utiliziing cases at our institution, we explore the imaging findings in neonatal LCH organized by organ system and the role of imaging in risk organ identification. We discuss the affect on treatment and prognosis, and the differences in imaging and prognosis between neonatal presentation and other age groups. Finally, we review current guidelines for posttreatment imaging follow up. Read More

Authors:  Kennedy Patrick , Baad Michael , Kovanlikaya Arzu , Cohen Sara , Collins Lee , Pomeranz Christy

Keywords:  Neonatal, lymphoproliferative, neoplasia

A Ebinesh,  Manchanda Alpana,  Dixit Rashmi,  Das Prince,  Kumar Ajay,  Krishna Ganesh

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-021

Insult to developing neonatal brain can significantly impair motor, cognitive, language and behavioral functions. MR imaging is an indispensable investigation for the evaluation of neonatal encephalopathy due to its high sensitivity, specificity and prognostic utility. MRI with its recent advancements can yield valuable information on morphology, neuronal connectivity, structural and functional architecture of gray and white matter. Read More

Authors:  A Ebinesh , Manchanda Alpana , Dixit Rashmi , Das Prince , Kumar Ajay , Krishna Ganesh

Keywords:  Neonatal encephalopathy, Neonatal brain, Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Ale Ali Hamideh,  Krishnasarma Rekha,  Sarma Asha

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-027

Review common indications and modality selection for spinal imaging in neonates, focusing on ultrasound (US) and corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Provide an overview of the normal anatomy of the neonatal spine as visualized by ultrasound and MRI.
Highlight common and uncommon spinal pathologies and syndromic conditions imaged with neonatal spine ultrasound and MRI.
Present representative cases from our institution, showcasing imaging findings of various congenital and acquired spinal abnormalities. Read More

Authors:  Ale Ali Hamideh , Krishnasarma Rekha , Sarma Asha

Keywords:  Spinal Cord, Spina Bifida, Neonatal

Rutten Caroline,  Koenig Adriana,  Zani Augusto,  Daneman Alan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-042

Intussusception in neonates and young infants is rare, with limited data to guide management. This study aims to characterize the presentation, management and outcomes of intussusception in infants ≤100 days of age. Read More

Authors:  Rutten Caroline , Koenig Adriana , Zani Augusto , Daneman Alan

Keywords:  Intussusception, Neonatal, Neonatal Bowel Obstruction

Stanescu A. Luana,  Otjen Jeffrey,  Parisi Marguerite

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-075

Purpose
Ovarian torsion is rare in neonates and infants. Clinical diagnosis is challenging in the setting of lack of specific symptoms and the limitations in assessing pain in infants. Torsed ovaries in this patient population are also a diagnostic dilemma on imaging. In this study we reviewed the spectrum of imaging findings with pathologic correlation in a large series of patients. Read More

Authors:  Stanescu A. Luana , Otjen Jeffrey , Parisi Marguerite

Keywords:  Neonatal, infantile, Ovarian Torsion

Saguintaah Magali,  Taleb Arrada Ikram,  Prodhomme Olivier,  Bolivar Perrin Julie,  David Stephanie,  Sevette Nancy,  Couture Alain,  Baud Catherine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-067

To review the imaging appearances of neonatal bowel obstruction, focusing on the sonographic findings.
To describe the etiologies and the indication for other imaging modalities Read More

Authors:  Saguintaah Magali , Taleb Arrada Ikram , Prodhomme Olivier , Bolivar Perrin Julie , David Stephanie , Sevette Nancy , Couture Alain , Baud Catherine

Keywords:  neonatal bowel obstruction, ultrasonography

Ramegowda Rajath,  Prabhu Sanjay

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-022

Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) represents a significant challenge in perinatal neuroimaging due to its variable etiology, presentation, and long-term impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes. This pictorial review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of hemorrhagic lesions in the neonatal brain. This includes detailing the appearance and evolution of blood products in neonates, the familiar sites and etiologies of ICH, and how these findings differ between preterm and term infants. The presentation will also address the unique imaging features of hemorrhagic lesions in the immature brain and discuss their neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Key objectives include:
1. Explore the typical MRI appearances of blood products at different stages of a neonatal brain hemorrhage..
2. Analyze the evolution of parenchymal and extra-axial hemorrhages, noting differences in imaging findings based on gestational age.
3. Understand the common causes of neonatal ICH, including perinatal trauma, hypoxic injury, and clotting disorders, and their multifactorial nature.
4. Discuss the neurodevelopmental implications of neonatal ICH, including the potential for impaired outcomes related to the location and size of hemorrhagic lesions.

This abstract emphasizes the critical role of early and accurate imaging in diagnosing and managing neonatal hemorrhagic lesions, contributing to improved outcomes in affected infants. Read More

Authors:  Ramegowda Rajath , Prabhu Sanjay

Keywords:  Hemorrhage, Neonatal, Brain

Leschied Jessica,  Horst Kelly,  Lampl Brooke,  Hwang Misun

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-003

To survey active members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology regarding their utilization of various cranial ultrasound techniques and reporting practices in neonates. Read More

Authors:  Leschied Jessica , Horst Kelly , Lampl Brooke , Hwang Misun

Keywords:  SPR survey, neurosonography, neonatal imaging

Biko David,  Johnstone Jordan,  Dori Yoav,  Itkin Maxim,  Oliver Edward,  Victoria Teresa

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-004

Clinical signs of the Neonatal Lymphatic Flow Disorder (NLFD) are a combination of the congenital chylothorax, chylous ascites and body edema. It can present as neonatal chylothorax (NC), neonatal chylous ascites, or congenital lymphatic dysplasia (CLD). The prenatal appearance of lymphangiectasia has been described as nutmeg lung. The purpose of this study is to describe prenatal and postnatal imaging features and outcomes of neonates with NLFD.
Read More

Authors:  Biko David , Johnstone Jordan , Dori Yoav , Itkin Maxim , Oliver Edward , Victoria Teresa

Keywords:  lymphatic imaging, nutmeg lung, neonatal lymphatic flow disorder

Aslan Mine,  Arioz Habibi Hatice,  Kalyoncu Ucar Ayse,  Namdar Yesim,  Adaletli Ibrahim,  Kurugoglu Sebuh

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-026

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is one of the most common tumors of the newborn. SCT is seen frequently in the presacral region and in forms of solid or mixed solid and cystic masses. Only 10-15 % of all sacrococcygeal teratomas are in pure cystic form. Here, in this case, we aimed to present sonographic and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of a newborn with pelvic cystic mass and bilateral hydronephrosis that were seen on prenatal ultrasonography.
An operation was planned for two days of age girl patient for cystic pelvic mass and bilateral hydronephrosis detected by prenatal sonography during the third trimester. On her abdominal X-ray radiography, there was no bowel gas at the midline pelvis. The patient was referred to the sonography unit with the suspicion of a duplication cyst. Abdominal sonography revealed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, bladder wall thickening, and a 75x55x32 mm pure cystic mass located between the rectum and bladder. The mass had a fine septa at the inferior site. Abdominal MRI showed that the mass had no connection with the spinal canal or solid component. The patient was operated and the diagnosis of purely cystic sacrococcygeal teratoma was confirmed histopathologically.
Anterior meningocele, tail gut cyst, rectal duplication cyst, and cystic sacrococcygeal teratomas are common lesions of the presacral region diagnosed in the prenatal or antenatal period. Sacrococcygeal teratoma should be kept in mind in patients with presacral cystic mass in the neoatal period and radiologic methods are helpful for displaying the extent and content of a cystic mass. Read More

Authors:  Aslan Mine , Arioz Habibi Hatice , Kalyoncu Ucar Ayse , Namdar Yesim , Adaletli Ibrahim , Kurugoglu Sebuh

Keywords:  Sacrococcygeal teratoma, Sonography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neonatal

Waldman Spencer,  Goldfisher Rachelle

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-013

A full-term infant presented at day five of life with gagging, desaturations and bilateral neck swelling. On physical exam, the patient was noted to have a hypopigmented patch on the chest. Family history reveals an older sibling with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Genetic testing on the parents was performed after the previous delivery and as per report from the outside hospital was negative. Given the family history, further imaging was performed. Brain MRI revealed multiple cortical and subependymal tubers consistent with TSC, and echocardiography demonstrated intraventricular rhabdomyomas. Genetic testing demonstrated tuberous sclerosis complex. Given the neck swelling, a CT and MRI were performed and suggested a large mass extending from the deep neck into the mediastinum with concerns for a neurogenic tumor. Tracheostomy was required for airway stabilization. The coexistence of typical TSC lesions with an atypical neck and mediastinal neurogenic mass prompted biopsy, which revealed findings consistent with neurofibroma. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed pathogenic variants in both TSC1 and NF1, establishing the exceedingly rare coexistence of dual phakomatoses. Only a handful of such cases have been reported worldwide, with fewer than a dozen molecularly confirmed instances in the literature (1–2). The infant subsequently developed short-gut syndrome after necrotizing enterocolitis and remains TPN-dependent. Targeted therapy with sirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) was initiated for tumor stabilization. <div> </div> <div>This case represents a rare neonatal presentation of concurrent TSC and NF1 (1–2). Recognition of discordant imaging findings—rhabdomyomas and cortical tubers typical of TSC alongside a mediastinal neurofibroma characteristic of NF1—was pivotal in guiding molecular confirmation. Radiologic pattern recognition thus proved essential for diagnosis, therapeutic direction, and prognostic counseling in a patient exhibiting two distinct neurocutaneous syndromes within the first days of life.

References:
1. Wheeler PG, Sadeghi-Nejad A. Simultaneous occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis in a young girl. Am J Med Genet A. 2005;133A(1):78-81. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30530.

2. Alaraj AM, Valyi-Nagy T, Roitberg B. Double phakomatosis: neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(6):505-509. doi:10.1007/s00701-007-1140 Read More

Authors:  Waldman Spencer , Goldfisher Rachelle

Keywords:  Neurofibromatosis 1, Head And Neck, Neonatal

Sahajwalla Divya,  Ata Hareem,  Methratta Sosamma

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-081

Critically ill infants in the neonatal intensive care unit undergo life sustaining treatment and receive frequent chest and abdominal radiographs. The heart, lungs and abdomen are key targets for assessment. While neonates may present with clinical findings prompting investigation of the musculoskeletal system, others quietly develop progressive changes in the bones which may be overlooked on routine daily radiographs. This exhibit describes the differences between the preterm and term skeleton and reviews the imaging findings of MSK disorders in the newborn nursery and NICU. Using a multi-modality case-based format, covered diagnoses include: congenital anomalies, birth related trauma, acquired and congenital infection, and systemic/metabolic disorders (including metabolic bone disease of prematurity, prostaglandin induced cortical hyperostosis etc). Read More

Authors:  Sahajwalla Divya , Ata Hareem , Methratta Sosamma

Keywords:  Musculoskeletal, Congenital Skeletal Anomaly, Neonatal

Taori Abhijeet,  Ferretti Emanuela,  Miller Elka,  Martinez-rios Claudia

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-010

Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care have led to substantial improvement in survival of preterm infants of extremely low gestational age (ELGA) between 22+0 and 23+6 weeks gestation. ELGA newborns are more susceptible to several complications of prematurity. Recognition of the sonographic features of the normal brain and identification of potential short and long-term complications of these infants is paramount.
High resolution transfontanellar ultrasonography is the baseline “gold standard” of care imaging modality to assess the integrity of the neonatal brain and potential complications encountered in ELGA newborns. Color and spectral Doppler US allows high reliability and precision in the evaluation of the intracranial vasculature.
The purpose of this exhibit is
1. To illustrate a spectrum of the sonographic features of the normal developing brain in ELGA infants.
2. To characterize the sonographic findings of short and long-term brain anatomical complications.
3. To describe common pitfalls when imaging these infants. Read More

Authors:  Taori Abhijeet , Ferretti Emanuela , Miller Elka , Martinez-rios Claudia

Keywords:  Ultrasound, Neonatal, Brain