<b>Background:</b> There are a variety of masses in neonates, infants and young children that may disappear spontaneously without active intervention. However, there has been no published review of what type of masses could disappear and what the spectrum of their imaging features is. It is essential for radiologists to understand imaging features of these entities in order to provide pediatrician and pediatric surgeons with critical information that will enable them to manage these patients expectantly without surgical intervention. <b>Purpose:</b> The entities that will be illustrate in this review include, among others: multicystic dysplastic kidneys, suprarenal masses (including intraabdominal sequestration, neuroblastoma and adrenal hemorrhage), ovarian cyst and torsion, duplication cyst of gastrointestinal tract, cyst of liver and kidneys. We will: 1. Review the clinical and imaging features of these masses including their changes during follow-up imaging studies. 2. Emphasize the imaging features that are helpful in differentiating these entities from other entities that require active intervention 3. Describe an appropriate approach to deal with uncertain diagnoses. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Mata-mbemba Daddy, Daneman Alan

Keywords: disappear mass, neonate, infant and young children

A preterm male infant born at 28+2 weeks from twin pregnancy was admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit post urgent cesarean section for placental abruption. Postnatal echocardiogram confirmed multiple cardiac abnormalities including double outlet right ventricle with D-transposition of great arteries, requiring an arterial switch operation. His hospital course was complicated by seizure with previous documentation of left grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage and multifocal thromboembolic stroke on brain MRI. At 2 months of life, he required a chest tube insertion during which he had a cardiac arrest requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Head US at 2 hours post-cannulation showed new bilateral symmetrical linear hyperechoic abnormalities in the periventricular supratentorial regions predominantly in the watershed areas, extending peripherally reaching the cortices. Similar new hyperechoic linear foci were seen in the right thalamus. While the clinical diagnosis at this time included watershed infarcts, the pattern of hyperechogenicity with dirty shadowing suggested air emboli, less likely hemorrhage or calcifications. Follow-up head US at 5 hours post-cannulation was arranged which showed near-complete resolution of the previously seen bilateral parenchymal hyperechoic abnormalities. Thus, we concluded resolving cerebral intravascular air emboli secondary to recent ECMO cannulation, rather than watershed infarcts. No evidence of new evolving infarct nor intracranial hemorrhage was noted. The patient unfortunately sustained a fulminant septic shock and end-organ injuries despite maximum medical therapies. His family elected to withdraw all life-sustaining therapies the day after his head US. Systemic air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication of ECMO. Rapid recognition is important for reducing morbidity and mortality. Head ultrasound is usually the first brain imaging study performed in neonates for screening. Bilateral periventricular increased echogenicity can be seen in a wide range of different pathologies, including but not limited to periventricular leukomalacia, infarcts, hemorrhages and neonatal encephalitis. This case report highlights important sonographic features distinguishing intracranial air embolism from other confounding diagnosis. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2025 Annual Meeting , 2025

Authors: Kim Taehoo, Faingold Ricardo, Daneman Alan

Keywords: Brain Ultrasound, Neonatal, ECMO

To review unusual sonographic findings of tumors and tumor-like conditions one can encounter in pediatric scrotal ultrasound and to design a diagnostic algorithm that can be useful with the challenges of differential diagnosis in this situation. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Tijerin Bueno Marta, Martinez-rios Claudia, Daneman Alan, De La Puente Gregorio Alejandro, Navarro Oscar

Keywords: scrotal, ultrasound, testis, tumour

High-resolution ultrasonography (US) is a valuable and accessible imaging tool to assess and characterize the thyroid gland in children. Pediatric thyroid nodules are infrequent. However, the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in children is near twice the adult population, where the risk of malignancy is up to 15%. Children also have an increased risk for recurrence (39%) as compared to adults, justifying further work and a more aggressive approach. Prompt recognition of the common and uncommon sonographic features of thyroid cancer in children will allow radiologist to identify this malignancy in early stages of the disease, expediting appropriate treatment improving the standard of patient care. The purpose of this exhibit is to 1. To illustrate the spectrum of sonographic findings of thyroid cancer in a pediatric population. 2. To describe the typical sonographic characteristics of malignant thyroid nodules in children. 3. To identify the uncommon features of pediatric thyroid cancer. 4. To describe an appropriate approach to deal with uncertain diagnosis. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Martinez-rios Claudia, Bajno Lydia, Daneman Alan, Moineddin Rahim, Van Der Kaay Danielle Cm, Wasserman Jonathan

Keywords: Thyroid, cancer, children, ultrasound