The coracoid process serves as a crucial anchor for multiple tendon and ligamentous attachments in the shoulder. While glenohumeral and labral pathology are more commonly implicated in shoulder injuries, the coracoid process can also be a primary pain generator within the shoulder. This educational poster will address normal coracoid anatomy and development, as well as pathologic conditions affecting the coracoid in the pediatric population, including fractures, infection, and neoplasm. The coracoid is a beak-like projection that extends anteriorly from the ventral scapula. It serves as the origin for the pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and short head of the biceps. Ligamentous attachments extend from the coracoid to the clavicle (coracoclavicular ligaments), acromion (coracoacromial ligament), and humerus (coracohumeral ligament). Additionally, the transverse scapular ligament attaches to the coracoid base. The growth plate at the coracoid base is considered a “bipolar growth plate” and is made up of the primary ossification centers of the coracoid and the adjacent ventral scapula, similar to the tri-radiate cartilage of the acetabulum. The coracoid appears within the first year of life with fusion of the coracoid base growth plate occurring by age 14 to 15. Physeal injuries occur at the base of the coracoid with imaging characteristics similar to other more typical locations (i.e. the proximal humerus in Little Leaguer’s shoulder). Key features include physeal widening with irregular bony margins, thought to be secondary to chronic repetitive pull from the attached musculature. Additionally, coracoid fractures occur in acute trauma and can be easily overlooked as they are frequently associated with other fractures. Direct blunt trauma by either an external object or the humeral head are associated with fractures of the base of the coracoid. Avulsions of the coracoid tip are seen with acromioclavicular separations with injury to the cocacoclavicular ligaments, more commonly seen in the pediatric population as the ligaments are relatively stronger than their osseous attachments. While tumors of the coracoid are rare and more commonly occur in adults, primary tumors of the coracoid are seen in the pediatric population with case reports of osteoid osteomas, osteoblastomas, giant cell tumors, and aneurysmal bone cysts. Awareness of pathology affecting the coracoid process is helpful to the radiologist and clinician caring for the child with shoulder pain. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Sharp Paige, Braithwaite Kiery, Marshall Kelley

Keywords: Physis, Fracture, Osteoid osteoma

To review the anatomy of the Space of Retzius and to highlight the array of disorders that can occur in this space in the pediatric population. These disorders present as abdominal pain and might be missed or misdiagnosed without paying attention to this space and knowing the differential and differentiating factors of pathology that are found there. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022

Authors: Dickson Paula, Braithwaite Kiery, Richer Edward

Keywords: Retzius

To characterize the typical findings of Ollier’s disease on MRI. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Golden Eleza, Braithwaite Kiery, Marshall Kelley

Keywords: Ollier's Disease, Multiple Enchondromas, MRI

Determine if a simple scoring system can accurately predict the reducibility of ileocolic intussusceptions with therapeutic enema, and eventual surgical outcomes in those patients failing reduction. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019

Authors: Richer Edward, Patel Dhruv, Braithwaite Kiery, Milla Sarah, Loewen Jonathan

Keywords: Intussusception, ultrasound

Determine if the length of time between diagnosis of an intussusception and therapeutic enema, or reported length of symptoms, is associated with lower enema success rates or higher rates of complicated surgery and bowel resection. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019

Authors: Braithwaite Kiery, Patel Dhruv, Loewen Jonathan, Milla Sarah, Richer Edward

Keywords: Intussusception, ultrasound

Idiopathic thickening of the pyloric muscle can occur in young infants, causing projectile vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities, and necessity for surgical intervention to relieve the gastric outlet obstruction. Case reports have been published describing infants with HPS who also have portal venous gas (PVG) visualized within the liver. The presence of PVG in other clinical scenarios often indicates a severe and potentially life threatening bowel condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) and concurrent portal venous gas (PVG), as well as whether there are unique clinical features or different outcomes in the HPS patients with PVG versus without PVG. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Milla Sarah, Cantu Cera, Richer Edward, Braithwaite Kiery, Linam Leann, Riedesel Erica, Loewen Jonathan, Simoneaux Stephen

Keywords: pyloric stenosis, portal venous gas, pneumatosis