Head ultrasound (US) remains the primary screening tool for intracranial pathology in premature infants, most notably germinal matrix hemorrhage. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival rates of infants born at 22 to 25 weeks’ gestation. These infants demonstrate unique developing anatomy when compared to premature infants of more advanced gestational ages. Infants delivered between 20 weeks/0 days and 25 weeks/6 days of gestation have been defined as ‘periviable births’ by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. To date there is no dedicated literature describing head US findings in this population. The purpose of this review is to describe normal anatomy and pathology in the periviable population on head US. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2024 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2024

Authors: Mcdonald Julian, Castro-aragon Ilse

Keywords: germinal matrix, microvascular imaging

Several ultrasound (US) findings are associated with specific thyroid diseases, but in the vast majority of cases, only a few of these findings are seen. The purpose of this poster is to describe the US findings in a variety of clinically/biopsy-proven thyroid diseases and analyze the frequency of such findings in each of the following diseases. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Malak Wassim, Zhu Jia, Castro-aragon Ilse, Setty Bindu

Keywords: Ultrasound, Thyroid, Pediatrics

To determine if brain MRI is of added value in babies with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in addition to a head US, and to elucidate the findings observed in each modality. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Farris Chad, Setty Bindu, Mian Asim, Wachman Elisha, Castro-aragon Ilse

Keywords: Brain, Intracranial

Pneumonia is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2017, 15% of under-5 mortalities were due to pneumonia. Children in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected. Chest radiography (CXR) is currently the reference standard for imaging diagnosis of pediatric lung diseases. However, radiographic equipment is not available in many clinical settings, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In these scenarios, point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) is much more readily accessible. Thus, it is important to understand the US appearance of both interstitial and bacterial pneumonias and how they correlate with CXR findings. In this pictorial essay, we will discuss the US appearance of common lower respiratory tract infections such as RSV, COVID-19, and bacterial pneumonia using images obtained from patients ages 1 month to 5 years with symptomatic respiratory illness in Lusaka, Zambia. All images were obtained by a technologist with a Butterfly portable ultrasound probe connected to an iPad. Images were obtained in the anterior, lateral, and posterior lung fields bilaterally. US images will be correlated with CXR findings. The following examples of LUS findings will be discussed: 1) Normal LUS: The pleural line is thin and smooth with normal lung sliding. A-lines are present, and B-lines are limited to less than three in each field of view. 2) Abnormal B-lines: When three or more B-lines are seen in a single field of view, there is an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid. A focal B line is an abnormally thickened B-line and likely represents a confluence of multiple B-lines. 3) White lung: Confluent echogenicity involving two or more rib interspaces. 4) Pleural irregularity: The pleural line is jagged or fragmented and may also appear thickened with small sub-centimeter subpleural consolidations. 5) Pleural effusion: Well-defined fluid above the diaphragm. In a simple transudative effusion, the fluid appears anechoic. In a complex exudative effusion, the fluid may have loculations, septations, and/or internal echogenic floating debris. 6) Consolidation: Poorly defined, tissue-like region within the lung, usually seen adjacent to the pleural line. 7) Lung necrosis or abscess: Well-defined, hypoechoic region within an area of consolidation. By understanding the US appearance of lung pathologies, LUS can be used to diagnose pediatric lung diseases in areas where CXRs are currently unavailable. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022

Authors: Chang Hailey, Gill Christopher, Setty Bindu, Castro-aragon Ilse, Camelo Ingrid, Etter Lauren, Pieciak Rachel, Thompson Russell, Wang Kaihong, Li Jason

Keywords: Lung Ultrasound, RSV, Pneumonia

CXR is the most common imaging method to diagnose pneumonia in children in limited-resource settings. There is a need to simplify and expedite its interpretation. By using a machine learning model to first classify and interpret the pneumonia images and then incorporate those characteristic imaging findings patterns into a simulated mobile app, health care workers can use their mobile devices to interpret those findings based on preloaded images built into their mobile devices corresponding to pneumonia. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022

Authors: Thompson Russell, Pieciak Rachel, Gill Christopher, Li Jason, Wang Kaihong, Etter Lauren, Camelo Ingrid, Castro-aragon Ilse, Setty Bindu, Chang Hailey, Betke Margaret

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, pneumonia, CXR