Showing 8 Abstracts.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is a common yet often overlooked manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), affecting up to 40% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as the gold standard for identifying early inflammatory abnormalities and structural damage. Despite widespread recognition of TMJ involvement in JIA, the prevalence and clinical significance of asymptomatic disease remain incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the frequency and imaging characteristics of TMJ involvement, including asymptomatic cases, in a 10-year cohort of children and adolescents with JIA. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Galvis Ingrid, Kvist Ola
Keywords: Arthritis, Temporomandibular Joint, Musculoskeletal
Bowing of the lower extremities is a common presentation in pediatric patients and may represent either normal physiologic development or an underlying pathologic process requiring medical or surgical intervention. Radiologists play an essential role in distinguishing between benign developmental variants and serious bone disorders, including nutritional deficiencies, metabolic bone disease, and skeletal dysplasias. Conditions such as rickets, scurvy, and Blount's disease have distinct etiologies but often present with overlapping radiologic features—most notably metaphyseal abnormalities, osteopenia, and angular deformities—that can obscure diagnosis and delay appropriate treatment. This educational poster presents a structured, pattern-based approach to evaluating pediatric bowing disorders, integrating clinical presentation, age, and characteristic imaging findings. Key radiographic parameters include the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle, tibiofemoral angle measurements, and assessment of the Drennan angle for differentiating infantile Blount's disease from physiologic bowing. Age-specific thresholds guide management: physiologic bowing typically resolves by 18-24 months, whereas progression beyond age 2 years or asymmetric involvement warrants investigation for pathologic etiologies. Age-specific diagnostic criteria and systematic assessment of metaphyseal morphology form the foundation of our approach. We highlight key differentiating features for scurvy, rickets (including hypophosphatemic forms), Blount's disease, and other mimickers such as osteogenesis imperfecta and skeletal dysplasias. Emphasis is placed on early recognition of red flags, interpretation of radiographic and MRI findings, and understanding imaging pitfalls that can lead to misdiagnosis. Using comparative imaging examples and diagnostic algorithms, this poster aims to enhance the radiologist's ability to confidently diagnose and differentiate pediatric bowing deformities, improving clinical outcomes and reducing unnecessary interventions. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Galvis Ingrid, Kvist Ola, Jarrett Delma
Keywords: Musculoskeletal, Metabolic Disorder, Paediatric Radiology
Learning Objectives: -To recognize characteristic MRI features of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) that distinguish it from infectious osteomyelitis and malignancy -To understand common imaging mimics including focal periphyseal edema zones, developmental variants, and physiologic bone marrow changes -To appreciate the clinical-imaging discordance in CRMO and the role of whole-body MRI in detecting subclinical disease Background: CRMO is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder in children that poses diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features with infection, malignancy, and benign conditions. Early recognition of characteristic imaging patterns is crucial to avoid unnecessary biopsies, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, and diagnostic delays that may lead to skeletal complications. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Galvis Ingrid, Kvist Ola, Perdomo-luna Camilo, Jaramillo Diego
Keywords: Paediatric Radiology, Musculoskeletal, Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
Learning Objectives: -To recognize age-specific radiographic manifestations of rickets and understand how imaging features evolve from infancy through adolescence. -To distinguish between nutritional, genetic, and systemic causes of rickets using characteristic imaging patterns. -To identify common mimics of rickets and differentiate them from true metabolic bone disease. -To understand the complementary roles of radiography and MRI in challenging cases. Background: Rickets is a pediatric metabolic bone disorder characterized by imaging features that change according to the patient's age and underlying cause. Some conditions may mimic rickets due to similar radiologic features; therefore, accurate recognition of hallmark radiographic signs—including metaphyseal fraying, cupping, widening, and angular deformities—is critical for timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and differentiation from mimics. Nutritional rickets remains the most prevalent cause, particularly among exclusively breastfed infants without adequate vitamin D supplementation. However, older children with rickets frequently have genetic and systemic causes, such as renal and phosphate metabolism disorders. Although radiographs remain the principal imaging modality for evaluation, MRI may provide enhanced diagnostic precision in challenging or unclear cases. Clinical red flags warranting imaging evaluation include persistent or worsening bowing beyond expected physiologic ages, motor delays, pathologic fractures, failure to thrive, and lack of response to vitamin D supplementation in older children, which suggests genetic or renal etiologies rather than simple nutritional deficiency. This educational poster presents an age-based approach to diagnosing rickets, illustrating classic radiographic features across different age groups and etiologies. Key imaging findings in nutritional rickets, hypophosphatemic rickets, and renal osteodystrophy are systematically compared. Common mimics—including scurvy, non-accidental trauma, Blount's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and physiologic variants—are reviewed with comparative imaging to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Emphasis is placed on pattern recognition, and the role of advanced imaging in equivocal cases. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Galvis Ingrid, Kvist Ola, Vo-phamhi Jenny, Perdomo-luna Camilo, Jarrett Delma
Keywords: Metabolic Disorder, Musculoskeletal, Paediatric Radiology
Osteonecrosis (ON) is a significant complication in pediatric oncology, characterized by bone tissue death due to impaired blood supply. It most commonly affects poorly vascularized bones, such as the femoral head, distal femur, and proximal tibia. In children with oncohematological diseases, ON is often multifactorial—linked to prolonged corticosteroid therapy, chemotherapy, and underlying systemic conditions. Prevalence can reach up to 40% in high-risk groups. This educational poster aims to equip radiologists with practical imaging strategies for early detection and staging of ON, enhancing diagnostic confidence and multidisciplinary collaboration. This work builds on institutional experience at a high-complexity pediatric hospital, integrating recent imaging protocols and outcome data to refine diagnostic pathways. Early diagnosis is crucial, as ON is frequently asymptomatic and multifocal at onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for early detection, with whole-body MRI protocols enabling comprehensive screening of asymptomatic patients. MRI findings include bone marrow edema and geographic areas of necrosis, often surrounded by the characteristic double line sign. Advanced stages show subchondral collapse, loss of sphericity, and cartilage irregularity, which can be graded using systems such as Niinimäki, Ficat and Arlet, or ARCO. The use of whole-body MRI for asymptomatic screening represents a proactive approach that may reduce long-term disability in pediatric oncology patients. Conventional radiography is useful for assessing bone structure and detecting late-stage changes, while computed tomography (CT) is reserved for preoperative planning. Treatment strategies depend on the severity and location, ranging from conservative management (corticosteroid withdrawal, bisphosphonates, load reduction) to surgical interventions such as core decompression or, in severe cases, joint replacement. Imaging plays a key role not only in early diagnosis but also in monitoring treatment response and guiding surgical planning. Imaging also plays an important role in complications, that include acute subchondral fractures and superinfection, which require prompt recognition and management. Radiologists play a pivotal role in early detection. Familiarity with imaging patterns and grading systems is essential to guide timely intervention and improve long-term outcomes. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Riera Luis, Moreira Maricela, Arenós Jesús, Perdomo-luna Camilo, Vázquez Elida, Kvist Ola
Keywords: Oncology, Osteonecrosis, MR
Fetal MRI is increasingly used in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) cases for enhanced anatomical imaging and prognostic assessment. Radiomics allows extraction of complex quantitative data that may enhance prediction capabilities beyond standard lung volume measurements. This investigation sought to determine which radiomic characteristics distinguish normal fetal lungs from those affected by CDH. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Perdomo-luna Camilo, Park Paul, Bridgemohan Abigael, Riera Luis, Kvist Ola, Duron Vincent
Keywords: Lung, Fetal MRI, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures the diffusion of water molecules restricted by cellular structures, providing insights into tissue microarchitecture. In the physeal metaphyseal complex (PMC), columns of cartilage and newly formed bone restrict water diffusion primarily along the longitudinal axis. This study aims to delineate physeal DTI parameters—such as tract volumes—in young children. By establishing early developmental benchmarks, we address a gap in pediatric musculoskeletal DTI literature and assess the potential of DTI in monitoring growth patterns. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2025 Annual Meeting , 2025
Authors: Perdomo Camilo, Kammen Bamindele, Pepic Lejla, Sabharwal Sanjeev, Kvist Ola, Jambawalikar Sachin, Hitt Dave, Jaramillo Diego
Background: With the increasing use of advanced imaging techniques in pediatric populations, incidental findings—particularly pulmonary nodules—are being detected with greater frequency. While many of these nodules are benign, their discovery often leads to clinical uncertainty, additional imaging, and potential anxiety for patients and families. Unlike in adult patients, for whom the Fleischner Society guidelines for incidental pulmonary nodules are well-established, pediatric-specific recommendations remain limited. Objective: This educational poster aims to provide a comprehensive overview of incidental pulmonary nodules identified on pediatric chest imaging. It seeks to guide radiologists in evidence-based decision-making regarding the evaluation, follow-up, and management of these findings. Content Organization: The poster is structured into the following key sections: Epidemiology and Etiology: Overview of the prevalence and common causes of incidental pulmonary nodules in children, including infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. Imaging Characteristics: Description of typical imaging features on chest radiographs and CT scans that help differentiate benign from potentially malignant nodules. Current Guidelines and Limitations: Review of existing guidelines and literature. Discussion of recent efforts to develop pediatric-specific protocols. Risk Stratification and Management Algorithms: Presentation of proposed algorithms for managing incidental nodules based on size, morphology, patient age, clinical history, and risk factors. Radiologist’s Role and Communication Strategies: Emphasis on the importance of clear reporting, interdisciplinary collaboration, and effective communication to reduce unnecessary interventions and anxiety. Future: Review the potential use of new techniques (Photon-counting CT, MR) in this context. Conclusion: The detection of incidental pulmonary nodules in pediatric imaging presents a diagnostic challenge. Through a structured, evidence-informed approach, radiologists can play a pivotal role in guiding appropriate management, minimizing harm, and ensuring optimal patient care. This poster aims to empower radiologists with practical tools and knowledge to navigate these increasingly common findings. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2026 Annual Meeting , 2026
Authors: Riera Luis, Riaza Lucía, Gonzalo Marta, Coma Ana, Vázquez Elida, Perdomo-luna Camilo, Kvist Ola, Liszewski Mark