Pediatric urolithiasis is an important and increasingly prevalent cause of pediatric morbidity and hospital admission. Ultrasound is the recommended primary imaging modality for suspected urolithiasis in children and this view is endorsed by all of the largest pediatric and urological societies. There is however widespread use of CT as a first line study for abdominal pain in many institutions involved in pediatric care, many of whom are free standing hospitals delivering predominantly adult care. The purpose of this educational review is to outline the state-of-the-art imaging modalities and methods for diagnosing urolithiasis in children and to suggest an imaging algorithm for best practice. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Colleran Gabrielle, Callahan Michael, Chow Jeanne

Keywords: Urolithiasis, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, ALARA, Dose optimized

Identify the most common diagnoses of superficial head and neck lesions in children under 4 years of age, and correlate imaging and pathologic findings. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Murcia Diana, Myers Ross, Estroff Judy, Callahan Michael

Keywords: infant, Tumor, Ultrasound

The purpose of this educational presentation is to demonstrate ultrasound technique and characteristic sonographic findings of common superficial pediatric extremity soft tissue lesions. We also offer advice on how to differentiate benign from malignant lestions. Children frequently present with unexplained “lumps and bumps” on their extremities. These lesions are often invisible on radiography; MRI might require use of sedation; and CT exposes the child to radiation and often requires iodinated contrast. Ultrasound (US) is a cost-effective, radiation-free, and dynamic method to evaluate superficial soft tissue lesions. We discuss choice of transducer based on lesion location. We explain why a multifrequency transducer, which allows for the evaluation of both superficial (higher frequency spectrum of the transducer) and deeper (lower frequency spectrum of the transducer) components of the lesion is important. The use of compound imaging is explained, as multiple angles of insonation are combined to provide a more complete image of the structure being interrogated. For lesions involving the hands or feet, we explain the water-bath technique. Water is an excellent medium for ultrasound waves and will minimize artifacts from air and inadequate surface contact that plague evaluation of the distal extremities. We then discuss characteristic sonographic appearance of the following conditions: vascular anomalies, osteomyelitis and subperiosteal abscess, hematoma, subcutaneous granuloma annulare, Pilomatricoma, lipoma, ganglion and Baker cyst, muscle hernia, osteochondroma, foreign bodies, and malignant conditions. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Thapa Mahesh, Ojeda Patricia, Otjen Jeffrey, Ngo Anh-vu, Callahan Michael

Keywords: ultrasound, benigh, malignant

Nephrolithiasis, once considered an adult condition, is now increasingly prevalent in pediatric populations, leading to flank pain, hydronephrosis, and potential renal failure. Traditional imaging modalities for diagnosing pediatric nephrolithiasis, such as ultrasound and CT, are evolving, with newer protocols (e.g., ultra-low dose CT with tin filtration) being developed. The aim of this study was to design and validate an ex vivo porcine model to simulate pediatric renal stones, providing a substrate for the advancement of imaging techniques in renal stone detection and characterization. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2025 Annual Meeting , 2025

Authors: Ferrer Valencia Valentina, Chow Jeanne, Zhang Da, Callahan Michael, Kephart Morie, Tsai Andy

Keywords: Abdomen CT, Renal Stones, Ultrasound