Retinoblastoma is an aggressive malignant tumor and the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. The key to better treatment is early detection, before it metastasizes. We aim to provide better quantifiable measurements to assist the clinician in the evaluation of tumor response. Currently, 2D sonography is performed to confirm the diagnosis, and after each sequential treatment. Thus, a change in tumor size during treatment is made by 2D evaluation only. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography is an enhancement of the ultrasonographic technique that allows an examiner to obtain, non-invasively, 3D volumetric images. 3D ultrasound imaging is primarily performed in the Ob/Gyn setting. However, more and more it is being used for other areas of the body. We think that 3D technology may be particularly useful since retinoblastomas can have very irregular shapes and, therefore, simpler techniques to estimate volumes such as the performance of three orthogonal two-dimensional measurements multiplied by 0.523 to estimate the volume of an oval structure using the ellipsoid formula may be unreliable. We present several case studies performed at our institution with a developed protocol for such imaging along with the results of the study. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023

Authors: Riemann Monique, Goncalves Luis, Ramasubramanian Aparna, Abruzzo Todd

Keywords: orbital, 3D, retinoblastoma

Illustrate the spectrum of imaging findings of prenatal and postnatal diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia (DMJD). Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2024 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2024

Authors: Juang Eric, Parikh Rajan, Goncalves Luis, Cornejo Patricia

Keywords: Fetal, hydrocephalus, L1CAM mutation

As more pediatric patients are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, more have been diagnosed with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Early research investigations into MIS-C show cardiac involvement presenting as elevated troponins, ventricular dysfunction, electrical conduction abnormalities, and pericardial effusions. MIS-C may result in myocardial perfusion defects visualized with nuclear medicine imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however these perfusion defects on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) have not yet been described. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022

Authors: Simmons Curtis, Goncalves Luis, Southard Richard, Bardo Dianna

Keywords: Cardiac, COVID

PFV is a rare congenital orbital malformation in which there is failure of the hyaloid artery to regress causing a persistent vasculature within the vitreous portion of the eye. Patients present with leukocoria that can be unilateral or bilateral. The most concerning differential diagnosis is retinoblastoma. We present three case studies referred for evaluation to exclude retinoblastoma in which MFI assisted in making the diagnosis of PFV. Imaging was perfomed with a high frequency linear array transducer and established preset in accordance with FDA guidelines. When characterizing orbital masses, early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to the patient’s prognosis. Ultrasound can be a superior method due to its ability to visualize superficial structures and detect slow velocity blood flow. While CD and SD are able to determine direction and velocity of flow, MFI improves the sensitivity and ability to display microvascularities. Case 1 Three-month-old male with right eye leukocoria. Ultrasound demonstrated smaller right than left globe. A triangular retrolental amorphous and heterogeneous soft tissue mass was present. A mass with fibrovascular stalk containing a persistent hyaloid artery was observed with layering debris. Left orbit was normal. Findings consistent with right PFV. Case 2 Six-week-old female with left eye leukocoria. Ultrasound demonstrated a normal right globe. The left globe had a hyperechogenic triangular mass extending from the posterior margin of the lens to the optic nerve. A persistent hyaloid artery was noted. The posterior margin of the lens was irregular. A small amount of subretinal fluid over lied the optic nerve. Findings consistent with left PFV. Case 3 Newborn male with microphthalmia and possible cataractous lens. Ultrasound demonstrated right globe with lens intact, anechoic and normally located. A hyperechogenic mass with ill-defined borders extends from the posterior aspect of the lens to the retina along the central aspect of the globe. No calcifications were observed. Blood flow noted within a persistent hyaloid artery. The triangular portion of the mass attached to the lens also demonstrated increased microvascularity. Left globe with intact lens which was anechoic and normally located. Evaluation of the left posterior chamber demonstrates a similar-appearing mass with a persistent hyaloid artery. Findings consistent with bilateral PFV. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023

Authors: Riemann Monique, Bisbing Brecken, Goncalves Luis, Ramasubramanian Aparna

Keywords: orbital, persistent fetal vasculature, micro flow imaging

The purpose of this study is to report visualization rates for standard cardiac axial views by FCMR using a prospective ECG pseudogating method and compare visualization rates for acquisitions performed in 1.5 and 3T. Secondary aims include a comparison of image quality between 2 observers and between 1.5 and 3T. Specific absorption rates (SAR) are also compared. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Goncalves Luis, Lindblade Christopher, Cornejo Patricia, Patel Mittun, Wishah Fidaa, Bardo Dianna

Keywords: fetal cardiac MRI, 3T, image quality

Purpose is to describe how FCMR is instrumental in diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) and to present imaging findings and correlation in 50 fetuses with CHD. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Bardo Dianna, Lindblade Christopher, Wishah Fidaa, Patel Mittun, Cornejo Patricia, Ellsworth Erik, Awerbach Jordan, Goncalves Luis

Keywords: fetal cardiac MRI, congenital heart disease

The purpose of this educational exhibit is to show FCMR images of congenital heart disease (CHD) and anatomical findings associated with CHD. We will describe currently available FCMR image acquisition techniques and use a case-based approach to show a variety of CHD diagnosis with teaching points to highlight the added value of FCMR in diagnosis and prognosis. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Bardo Dianna, Lindblade Christopher, Wishah Fidaa, Cornejo Patricia, Patel Mittun, Ellsworth Erik, Awerbach Jordan, Goncalves Luis

Keywords: Fetal cardiac MRI, congenital heart disease