Schoeneberg Laura,  Bornemeier Renee,  Reemtsen Brian,  Greiten Lawrence,  Greenberg S Bruce,  Lyons Karen,  Renno Markus

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-001

Limited experience with 3D print technology has been reported for surgical planning in infants with congenital heart disease. We present 5 infants with complex intracardiac anatomy for whom 3D cardiac models from gated cardiac CT angiograms facilitated surgical planning.

Case 1: Term 2-day-old infant with d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA), large anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD), and severe aortic arch hypoplasia. The 3D cardiac model confirmed feasibility of biventricular repair using a Yasui-type operation, with Norwood arch reconstruction, Rastelli VSD closure, and right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit placement.

Case 2: 2-month old, ex-34-week premature infant with double-outlet right ventricle (DORV), side-by-side great arteries, large remote predominantly-subaortic VSD, and pulmonary stenosis (PS). The 3D cardiac model highlighted the remoteness of the VSD from the outflow tracts, prompting right ventricular outflow tract patch augmentation without VSD closure when the patient developed hypercyanotic spells.

Case 3: Term 7-day-old infant with Goldenhar syndrome, D-TGA, large posterior malalignment VSD with inlet extension, and PS. The first 3D cardiac model raised concern that VSD closure would be difficult as a newborn due to VSD size, prompting placement of a BT shunt and pulmonary artery band. The second 3D model at 11 months of age demonstrated feasibility of biventricular repair with Rastelli VSD closure and RV-PA conduit placement.

Case 4: Term 2-day-old infant with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, type B interruption of a right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery, posterior malalignment VSD, small bicuspid aortic valve, and superior-inferior branch pulmonary artery relationships. The 3D cardiac model demonstrated need for VSD enlargement to enable complete repair with Yasui operation with LeCompte maneuver.

Case 5: Term 3-week-old infant with mesocardia, ventricular inversion, DORV, L-malposed great arteries, subpulmonic VSD, multilevel PS, and mitral chordal attachments to the crest of the ventricular septum. The 3D cardiac model suggested that VSD enlargement might enable a double switch operation with Rastelli VSD baffle. However, during the operation at 20 months old, mitral chordal apparatus prevented VSD enlargement, necessitating bidirectional Glenn instead. Read More

Authors:  Schoeneberg Laura , Bornemeier Renee , Reemtsen Brian , Greiten Lawrence , Greenberg S Bruce , Lyons Karen , Renno Markus

Keywords:  3D model, Congenital heart disease, Surgical Planning

Gould Sharon,  Thacker Mihir

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-022

Knee deformity is the most common and complex lower extremity abnormality associated with Thrombocytopenia Absent Radius (TAR) syndrome. Conventional pre-operative imaging includes radiographs and computed tomography (CT) for assessment of joint alignment. We report utilizing 3-D MRI series and manual segmentation on commeicially available software to create 3-D printed models for pre-operative planning in a TAR syndrome patient with largely unossified epiphyses who had unusually severe femoral anteversion and genu varum. We discuss the methods used for imaging and segmentation as well as the value and limitations of the 3D print in pre-operative planning for this case. Even with the limitations we encountered, better understanding of the spatial relationships and joint alignment was achieved with 3-D model generation and aided in planning for correction of the knee varus deformity and femoral torsion. In addition, the diagnostic MRI information provided the basis to forgo construction of cruciate ligaments at this stage due to an increased risk of failure related to severe joint deformity. Because the prognosis for TAR syndrome is good if the child survives the first 2 years, it is important that orthopedic interventions are well planned to give a good outcome. Utilization of advanced imaging tools such as 3D imaging and printing may aid in definitive surgical planning in complex cases such as this one, and MRI can be used to generate usable anatomical models for pre-operative planning in children with incompletely ossified epiphyses. Read More

Authors:  Gould Sharon , Thacker Mihir

Keywords:  3D printing, MRI, segmentation

Zabala-travers Silvina,  Sattler Juan,  Perdomo Jose

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-006 (S)

Detailed understanding of complex patients in CT and MRI can be challenging, particularly to non-radiologists. 3D modeling is a new language available to radiologists through which relevant details from an imaging study can be presented to readers in a straight-forward, easier to interpret way. Our Innovation Department in Pediatric Radiology has included 3D models in current practice. We briefly present how this models are built, some cases and a short review of 3D models contribution to a better practice of medicine. Read More

Authors:  Zabala-travers Silvina , Sattler Juan , Perdomo Jose

Keywords:  3D modeling, patient-specific medicine, 3D printing

Riemann Monique,  Goncalves Luis,  Ramasubramanian Aparna,  Abruzzo Todd

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-017

Retinoblastoma is an aggressive malignant tumor and the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. The key to better treatment is early detection, before it metastasizes. We aim to provide better quantifiable measurements to assist the clinician in the evaluation of tumor response.
Currently, 2D sonography is performed to confirm the diagnosis, and after each sequential treatment. Thus, a change in tumor size during treatment is made by 2D evaluation only. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography is an enhancement of the ultrasonographic technique that allows an examiner to obtain, non-invasively, 3D volumetric images. 3D ultrasound imaging is primarily performed in the Ob/Gyn setting. However, more and more it is being used for other areas of the body. We think that 3D technology may be particularly useful since retinoblastomas can have very irregular shapes and, therefore, simpler techniques to estimate volumes such as the performance of three orthogonal two-dimensional measurements multiplied by 0.523 to estimate the volume of an oval structure using the ellipsoid formula may be unreliable. We present several case studies performed at our institution with a developed protocol for such imaging along with the results of the study. Read More

Authors:  Riemann Monique , Goncalves Luis , Ramasubramanian Aparna , Abruzzo Todd

Keywords:  orbital, 3D, retinoblastoma

Parthasarathy Jayanthi,  Scharschmidt Thomas,  Rees Mitchell,  Selvaraj Bhavani

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-047

We describe a process for pre-operative virtual surgical planning and creation of patient specific surgical guides for bony tumor resection in pediatric orthopedic surgery and demonstrate a case in which this process was used for successful surgical guidance. Read More

Authors:  Parthasarathy Jayanthi , Scharschmidt Thomas , Rees Mitchell , Selvaraj Bhavani

Keywords:  Patient-Specific, 3D printing, Sugical Guides

Lall Neil,  Mcgee Jack,  Sarkar Korak

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-043

Fluoroscopy of the upper GI tract (UGI) can be difficult to master given the time-sensitive nature of the examination, the necessary hand-eye coordination, the complex button layout and broad featureset of the fluoroscopic equipment, the desire for minimizing radiation dose, and the required understanding of normal anatomy. Additionally, encountering abnormal findings for the first time, particularly before one is familiar with normal findings, can lead to confusion and increased difficulty in performing the examination. The use of 3D printed models of normal anatomy in pediatric fluoroscopic UGI training simulation has previously been demonstrated as a viable alternative to learning on live patients; however, such a technique has not previously been used with known pathological anatomic configurations. Read More

Authors:  Lall Neil , Mcgee Jack , Sarkar Korak

Keywords:  3D printing, fluoroscopy, simulation

Wallace Jacob,  Desilet-dobbs Debbie

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-052

Learning the skills used to master pediatric fluoroscopic exams can be challenging. Hand-eye coordination and specific timing is required while at the same time being mindful of radiation dose and interpreting the images generated in real time. Training on live neonates will often mean less diagnostic exams and increased radiation dose for those exams.

An inexpensive reusable simulator model was devised to allow residents practice of upper GI fluoroscopic exams to increase efficiency using ALARA principles and utilizing 3D printing technology off-the-shelf dolls. Generic gastrografin provided a cost effective contrast medium as its concerns in real UGI studies are of no issue on the training models. A 30ml bottle of generic gastrografin can be purchased for less than $20, which would last for several simulated exams.

The 3D model was based on a computer generated imagery (CGI) mesh of a stomach which was modified in Blender™ to try to best replicate the full duodenum and effect of the ligament of Treitz. The final iteration of the model was printed in polylactic acid polymer (PLA) in a size that would fit inside the plastic doll, which already contained portions of the necessary tubing. The model was sealed to be watertight.

Testing under fluoroscopy showed that the model behaved similar enough to an infant when placed in various positions then filled with an appropriate volume contrast.

There are several limitations of this model including the lack of the distractions of a real pediatric patient. Also, the flow of contrast is purely gravity dependent without the effects of sphincters and peristalsis. Overlying skeletal structures and bowel gas are not represented, however these could also be simulated in various ways.

Future work on this and similar projects could include expansion into other organ systems such as the colon. Read More

Authors:  Wallace Jacob , Desilet-dobbs Debbie

Keywords:  ALARA, 3D, Simulation

Wong Lincoln,  Love Terri,  Abdessalam Shahab,  Linke Ronald,  Vonhlefeld Thomas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-038

The exponential growth in medical imaging parallels today’s growth in consumer technology. At the forefront of this growth are 3D printing and augmented reality. Their uses in medicine today are in their infancy and radiologists play a key role in nurturing these technologies to ensure their meaningful use in medicine.

In this educational exhibit, we showcase the use of 3D printing and augmented reality in helping a pediatric surgeon visualize a complex brachial plexus tumor in a 6-year-old boy prior to its resection. We will describe the process of developing the models, including our role as radiologists. Read More

Authors:  Wong Lincoln , Love Terri , Abdessalam Shahab , Linke Ronald , Vonhlefeld Thomas

Keywords:  3d printing, augmented reality, technology

Chacko Anith,  Andronikou Savvas,  Shearn Andrew,  Thai Ngoc Jade

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 131

3D printed models from MRI scans can effectively demonstrate the surface structure of the brain. Previous workflows focus on adult brains as a basis for prints. Our database of pediatric MRI brains who had perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury and presented late for imaging, with pathology causing cortical surface irregularities and parenchymal cysts. Difficulties arise in accurate depiction of the cortex on 3D print models in these pathologic brains. We aim to demonstrate effective workflows to accurately and efficiently print 3D models of especially pathologic pediatric MRI brains. Also, to critically and empirically test and refine the various steps involved in producing 3D print models which include segmentation of the MRI volume into tissue classes, generation of a surface model from this volume, preparation and final print of a 3D model. Read More

Authors:  Chacko Anith , Andronikou Savvas , Shearn Andrew , Thai Ngoc Jade

Keywords:  3D Printing, Hypoxic Ischaemic Injury, 3D Models

Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Chacko Anith,  Schoeman Sean,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-029

Effective text-based communication, through radiologist reports, of imaging findings in term Hypoxic Ischemic Injury (HII) to family members, non-radiologist colleagues and members of the legal profession can be extremely challenging. Utilization of 3D printed models, where the actual findings of the brain can be communicated via tactile perception and rotating/grasping the models is a potential solution which has not been tested in practice. We aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of different groups, comprising trained radiologists, non-radiologist physicians and non-physicians, in the detection of gross disease of the cerebral cortex from 3D printed brain models derived from MRI scans of children. Read More

Authors:  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Chacko Anith , Schoeman Sean , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3D Printing, Hypoxic Ischemic Injury

Sultan Laith,  Morales-tisnés Tatiana,  Rouet Laurence,  Jago James,  Sridharan Anush,  Otero Hansel,  Darge Kassa,  Back Susan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-016

Pediatric kidney abnormalities, such as urinary tract dilation (UTD), are common, and current reporting methods vary significantly. There's a need for more precise evaluation methods. Using automated 3D kidney volume measurements from ultrasound (US) offers an alterantive objective approach. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of automated 3D kidney volume measurements for detecting and categorizing UTD, comparing their accuracy with clinical assessment. Read More

Authors:  Sultan Laith , Morales-tisnés Tatiana , Rouet Laurence , Jago James , Sridharan Anush , Otero Hansel , Darge Kassa , Back Susan

Keywords:  Urinary tract dilation, 3D ultrasound, Diagnostic model

Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Otero Hansel,  Khrichenko Dmitry,  Serai Suraj

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-009

MRI can accurately quantify liver iron concentration (LIC) by using T2* sequences. Vendor based, commercially available 3D multi-echo Dixon sequences provide maps of liver T2*/R2* and allow automated, inline post-processing, avoiding conventional manual post-processing. The purpose of our study was to compare R2*/LIC estimates generated by automated 3D multi-echo Dixon sequence to values generated by GRE-based R2* relaxometry as the reference standard. Read More

Authors:  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Otero Hansel , Khrichenko Dmitry , Serai Suraj

Keywords:  Liver Iron Concentration, 3D multi-echo Dixon, MRI

Schoeman Sean,  Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder,  Chacko Anith,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-026

To assess the utility and adaptability of some widely used automated segmentation methods when applied to abnormal pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans. Segmentation is an essential component of the workflow when building 3D anatomical models of abnormal pediatric brains to demonstrate surface pathology. Read More

Authors:  Schoeman Sean , Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder , Chacko Anith , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  Segmentation, 3D Printing, MRI Brain

Djuricic Goran,  Medovic Rasa,  Dasic Ivana,  Pavicevic Polina,  Furtula Dubravka,  Radovic Tijana

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-010

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leading to deformed head shape, increased intracranial pressure and restricted brain growth. The most reliable diagnostic method to use is computed tomography (3D–CT). Aim of this study was to present the characteristics of children with craniosynostosis and to compare US findings with 3D–CT as “gold standard”. Read More

Authors:  Djuricic Goran , Medovic Rasa , Dasic Ivana , Pavicevic Polina , Furtula Dubravka , Radovic Tijana

Keywords:  craniosynostosis, suture fusion, ultrasound, 3D–CT

Diederichs Chad,  Heath Alana,  Mabee Myles,  Hareendranathan Abhilash,  Zonoobi Dornoosh,  Thompson Adrienne,  Jaremko Jacob

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-042

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital problem affecting up to 3% of the the population. If untreated, DDH may lead to hip dislocation and premature osteoarthritis. Current DDH diagnosis is highly operator-dependent as it relies on 2D ultrasound. 3D ultrasound offers more complete, and potentially more reliable, imaging of infant hip geometry. However, it is unclear whether 3D ultrasound images, noisy with artifacts and reconstructed by proprietary algorithms from non-parallel beams, give accurate 3D shape information. We sought to validate the fidelity of acetabular surface models obtained by 3D ultrasound by comparison with those obtained concurrently from MRI. Read More

Authors:  Diederichs Chad , Heath Alana , Mabee Myles , Hareendranathan Abhilash , Zonoobi Dornoosh , Thompson Adrienne , Jaremko Jacob

Keywords:  DDH, 3D ultrasound, MRI, pediatric radiology, hip dysplasia

Dennis Rebecca,  Silvestro Elizabeth,  Hill Lamont,  Andronikou Savvas,  Anupindi Sudha,  Hwang Misun

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-022

To create a three dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) bowel phantom that simulates bowel sonographic characteristics to aid in education for bowel scanning techniques and for microbubble contrast utilization in bowel. Read More

Authors:  Dennis Rebecca , Silvestro Elizabeth , Hill Lamont , Andronikou Savvas , Anupindi Sudha , Hwang Misun

Keywords:  Bowel Phantom, Bowel Ultrasound, 3D Printing

Maier Pia,  Silvestro Elizabeth,  Andronikou Savvas

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-044

Successful bronchoscope handling requires the skill to orient bronchoscope position and direction in response to the intraluminal view provided by the bronchoscope camera. Additional challenges for pediatric physicians are smaller airways and the physiologically higher breathing frequency and airway collapsibility in babies and toddlers. We aimed to create a set of anatomically accurate 3D printed pediatric static and dynamic airway models that can be further used to teach and train residents/fellows in bronchoscopy and foreign body removal. Read More

Authors:  Maier Pia , Silvestro Elizabeth , Andronikou Savvas

Keywords:  3D printing, Phantom, Bronchial tree

Silvestro Elizabeth,  Shellikeri Sphoorti,  Trahan Sean,  Sze Raymond,  Cahill Anne Marie

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-035

3D printing technology presents a unique opportunity for the creation of custom phantoms for training and simulation for pediatric interventional procedures that are complex and/or uncommonly performed. The purpose of this study was to describe the elements of designing a 3D phantom for simulation of pediatric abdominal intra -vascular procedures. Read More

Authors:  Silvestro Elizabeth , Shellikeri Sphoorti , Trahan Sean , Sze Raymond , Cahill Anne Marie

Keywords:  3d printing, Simulation, Phantom

Saguintaah Magali,  Couture Alain,  Taleb Arrada Ikram,  Bolivar Perrin Julie,  Baud Catherine,  David Stephanie,  Prodhomme Olivier

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-007

To present a MRI technic to explore the fetal petrous bone (3D high resolution MRI) and choanae, olfactory bulbs and sulci (3D whole brain sequence). To present the clinical applications in fetal detection of CHARGE syndrome. To remind the major diagnostic criteria of CHARGE syndrome. Read More

Authors:  Saguintaah Magali , Couture Alain , Taleb Arrada Ikram , Bolivar Perrin Julie , Baud Catherine , David Stephanie , Prodhomme Olivier

Keywords:  fetal petrous bone, fetal olfactory bulbs, CHARGE syndrome, 3D HR fetal MRI

Parthasarathy Jayanthi,  Gedela Satya,  Ostendorf Adam,  Pindrik Jonathan,  Jones Jeremy,  Mcallister Aaron,  Selvaraj Bhavani,  Long Alexander

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-058

Establish and evaluate a process for 3DPrinting (3DP) patient specific functional anatomical models of the brain from multiple MRI sequences in patients with epileptic focal lesions.The second objective was to evaluate the clinical utility of the models. Read More

Authors:  Parthasarathy Jayanthi , Gedela Satya , Ostendorf Adam , Pindrik Jonathan , Jones Jeremy , Mcallister Aaron , Selvaraj Bhavani , Long Alexander

Keywords:  Brain model, MRI brain, 3D Printing

Acord Michael,  Shellikeri Sphoorti,  Vatsky Seth,  Nazario Maricarmen,  Srinivasan Abhay,  Krishnamurthy Ganesh,  Keller Marc,  Cahill Anne Marie

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-074

Low dose C-arm Computed Tomography (CT), is a technology that uses flat panel detectors to acquire real-time 3D images during an interventional radiology (IR) procedure to assist with anatomic localization and procedural mapping. This study describes our low dose protocol and applications of its use at a pediatric institution. Read More

Authors:  Acord Michael , Shellikeri Sphoorti , Vatsky Seth , Nazario Maricarmen , Srinivasan Abhay , Krishnamurthy Ganesh , Keller Marc , Cahill Anne Marie

Keywords:  dose reduction, 3D fluoroscopy, guidance

Boucher Marc-antoine,  Lippé Sarah,  El-jalbout Ramy,  Dupont Caroline,  Knoth Inga Sophia,  Damphousse Amelie,  Kadoury Samuel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-005

In neonates, ultrasound is the initial neuroimaging modality used to detect and follow intracranial pathologies, since MRI is challenging due to immobilization, costs and sedation issues. Ultrasound is typically acquired in 2D and interpretations are performed slice by slice. However, recent reports suggest a longitudinal follow-up of structure volumes and shapes may be relevant for investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders. The objective of this study is to test the diagnostic efficiency of the 3D ultrasound technology to measure total brain volume as well as lateral ventricular volume compared to volumetric measurements obtained from MRI. Read More

Authors:  Boucher Marc-antoine , Lippé Sarah , El-jalbout Ramy , Dupont Caroline , Knoth Inga Sophia , Damphousse Amelie , Kadoury Samuel

Keywords:  Infants brain, 3D Ultrasound, MRI

Asmar Julia,  Singhal Hannah,  Lypka Michael,  Chan Sherwin

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 023

Many studies have shown that patient education with interactive, multimedia design can enhance information retention. Merge Cube is a commercially available interactive object that allows one to use a phone or iPad to display and manipulate 3D images via an app. The purpose of this study is to determine if reviewing personalized 3D computerized tomography (CT) images via Merge Cube improves patients’ education and understanding versus reviewing the images on a monitor. Read More

Authors:  Asmar Julia , Singhal Hannah , Lypka Michael , Chan Sherwin

Keywords:  3D Visualization, Maxillofacial, Patient Outcomes

Rendon Kathleen,  Rigsby Cynthia

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002 (T)

Purpose: The long-term effects from gadolinium tissue deposition in organs and the brain is unknown especially in children who may need repeated contrast studies for necessary follow-up of cardiovascular abnormalities. We aim to show the utility of a non-contrast MRA sequence in older children and young adults undergoing chest and/or abdominal MRA. Read More

Authors:  Rendon Kathleen , Rigsby Cynthia

Keywords:  Non-contrast, 3D imaging, Cardiac

Smitthimedhin Anilawan,  Silvestro Elizabeth,  Shellikeri Sphoorti,  Whitaker Jayme,  Cahill Anne Marie

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 141

The renal artery ostial anatomy, balloon profile, and stent deployment are all challenges of complex procedural RAS planning in children. In such cases there is an increased risk of renal artery rupture secondary to angioplasty requiring placement of a covered stent. This study aims to establish the feasibility of simulating renovascular stent deployment in three 3D printed pediatric patient-specific RAS endovascular phantoms. Read More

Authors:  Smitthimedhin Anilawan , Silvestro Elizabeth , Shellikeri Sphoorti , Whitaker Jayme , Cahill Anne Marie

Keywords:  3D Printing, Stent, Simulation

Parthasarathy Jayanthi,  Hatoum Hoda,  Flemister Dorma,  Mery Carlos,  Molossi Silvana,  Dasi Lakshmi Prasad,  Krishnamurthy Rajesh

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 044

Morphological features including intramural course, high ostial location, and slit-like ostium are considered risk factors for sudden death in patients with AAOCA. Assessment of coronary blood flow at rest and hyperemia may contribute to understanding the cause of death, and to risk stratification and management. A patient-specific biomechanical 3D printed model incorporating morphological features derived from CTA was developed to quantify coronary blood flow in AAOCA. Read More

Authors:  Parthasarathy Jayanthi , Hatoum Hoda , Flemister Dorma , Mery Carlos , Molossi Silvana , Dasi Lakshmi Prasad , Krishnamurthy Rajesh

Keywords:  Anomalous coronary, 3D Printing, FFR

Revia Richard,  Patel Pushpak,  Johnson Craig

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-006

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models of patient anatomy are increasingly becoming a component of the healthcare practice of many physicians. Here, we investigate physician perceptions of an in-house high-fidelity medical 3D-printing service in a large pediatric health system. We aim to elucidate how physicians perceive 3D-printed models assist in their roles as healthcare providers and to illustrate how a 3D-printing service may add value to a healthcare system. Read More

Authors:  Revia Richard , Patel Pushpak , Johnson Craig

Keywords:  3D Printing, Model, Survey

Cielma Tara,  Linden Kadine

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-003 (T)

Background: Volume acquisition in ultrasound is recognized as a helpful tool in prenatal sonography, but notorious for having a steep learning curve. At times, utilizing this technology may be the only way to visualize anatomy due to factors such as maternal body habitus or fetal position. Our goal is provide the audience with the information and techniques required to take a volume sweep acquisition and obtain numerous rendering modes to evaluate the fetal craniofacial area.

Aims:
1. To describe utility and benefit of acquiring volume ultrasound in detection of craniofacial anomalies in prenatal patients.
2. To describe tips, tricks, and current technology to optimize imaging and assist in minimizing equivocal exams.
3. Provide examples of soft tissue lesions, hydrocephalus, craniosynostosis, micrognathia and midline cleft cases.
4. To look into future technology and potential applications.
Read More

Authors:  Cielma Tara , Linden Kadine

Keywords:  3D volume, 4D volume, STIC

Ryan Justin,  Pophal Stephen,  Aria David,  Towbin Richard

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-121

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is widely becoming an accepted therapy for aortic stenosis. In the last 10 years, estimates place the deployment of TAVRs as high as 50,000 worldwide. Differences in size and morphology of the aortic root and surrounding anatomy are important considerations in determining which TAVR to deploy. 3D printing based off of patient images can be leveraged to create models for patient-specific surgical planning purposes. Read More

Authors:  Ryan Justin , Pophal Stephen , Aria David , Towbin Richard

Keywords:  Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), 3D Printing

Gould Sharon,  Patel Pushpak,  Mullen Dennnis,  Nichols Reid

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-054

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a clinical finding that includes congenital contractures affecting 2 or more areas of the body and is a component of over 300 disorders. Treatments goals are joint mobilization, splinting for improved function and position, and therapy for improved strength. Limb deformities that restrict motion may be treated surgically with understanding of unique patient joint alignment, bone morphology, and muscle and ligament integrity required for adequate surgical planning. We discuss 3 cases in which advanced imaging techniques including CT, MRI and 3D model printing were used for improved understanding of complex patient anatomy and dysmorphology. Read More

Authors:  Gould Sharon , Patel Pushpak , Mullen Dennnis , Nichols Reid

Keywords:  Arthrogryposis, 3D model, MRI