Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, resulting from a substantial reduction in functional small intestine. It may arise from congenital anomalies or acquired conditions requiring extensive bowel resection. This educational exhibit presents a review of the different pathologies potentially leading to SBS in neonates, to help radiologists offer an early and accurate diagnosis, critical to optimize clinical outcomes. We review and illustrate conditions using multimodality imaging in: 1. Congenital causes of SBD: Gastroschisis. Bowel atresia. Complicated meconium ileus. Meconium peritonitis and meconium pseudocyst. 2. Acquired causes of SBS: Malrotation and midgut volvulus. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Hirschsprung’s disease. This study aims to underscore the essential role of perinatal imaging in the early detection, characterization, and management planning of both congenital and acquired etiologies leading to SBS in the neonatal population. Emphasis is placed on the diagnostic utility of prenatal ultrasound and MRI and postnatal imaging techniques starting with plain radiography, contrast studies, and cross-sectional imaging in the neonatal period. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2026 Congress , 2026

Authors: Llorens-salvador Roberto, Veiga-canuto Diana

Keywords: Prenatal Imaging, Neonatal Bowel Obstruction, Perinatal

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal complication in neonates, particularly in preterm infants. Despite advances in neonatal diagnostic and clinical management, the mortality rate remains high at 20-67%, depending on birth weight and the presence of perforation. The use of ultrasound (US) in the imaging workup of NEC is well established with important roles in predicting outcome. In particular, Doppler US has shown higher sensitivity and specificity than abdominal radiographs for detecting necrotic bowel. In addition, US is a cost-effective bedside modality that avoids ionizing radiation, making it particularly advantageous in neonates. However, there are several technical challenges that can hinder optimal image acquisition and interpretation including a large amount of intraluminal bowel gas, patients on mechanical ventilation and patients with cardiovascular compromise. We discuss these technical challenges, review common pitfalls and provide a problem-solving approach to improve the diagnostic utility of US in managing these patients. A large amount of intraluminal bowel gas limits the assessment of the bowel wall making it more difficult to identify intramural gas and changes in bowel perfusion. Increasing transducer pressure can help by displacing intraluminal gas from the field of view, however, in some patients it is not possible due to persistent oxygen desaturations or abdominal discomfort. Doppler assessment of bowel perfusion can be particularly difficult in mechanically ventilated patients due to motion artifacts caused by transmitted vibration. In patients with low cardiac output and/or receiving vasopressor therapy, color Doppler signal may be difficult to detect due to reduced bowel perfusion; adjusting US parameters may improve bowel wall perfusion assessment. One imaging pitfall is misinterpreting the presence of pneumatosis as intraluminal gas trapped within the stool or as bowel wall edema. It is important to recognize that intramural gas will not change position with peristalsis, respiratory movement, patient repositioning, or abdominal compression with the transducer. Recognizing these technical limitations is essential for accurate interpretation, standardized protocol development, and reliable use of US in the management of NEC. Furthermore, emerging techniques, such as contrast-enhanced US may help address several of these technical limitations, particularly in the evaluation of bowel perfusion. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2026 Congress , 2026

Authors: Oliva Vanesa, Veiga-canuto Diana, Gerrie Samantha

Keywords: Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Ultrasound, Pitfalls

HNF1B nephropathy is a hereditary renal disease caused by mutations in the HNF1B gene, transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner but frequently occurring as de novo mutations. This genetic variability complicates diagnosis, as family history of renal disease may be absent. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous, with onset in both children and adults, and may include renal dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and in some cases early-onset diabetes. In the pediatric setting, imaging plays a crucial role in raising suspicion of HNF1B nephropathy. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI may reveal echogenic kidneys or renal hypoplasia in the third trimester, while postnatal ultrasound may show variable findings such as increased renal echogenicity, renal cysts, and reduced renal size. These abnormalities can mimic more common entities, highlighting the importance of a systematic imaging approach. This educational exhibit reviews the prenatal and postnatal imaging findings of HNF1B nephropathy in children emphasizing key imaging clues that should raise diagnostic suspicion when encountering cystic or dysplastic renal patterns. The exhibit also includes discussion of the differential diagnosis with other conditions associated with renal cysts, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), multicystic renal dysplasia, Meckel–Gruber syndrome and other ciliopathies. Recognizing the imaging spectrum of HNF1B nephropathy is essential to avoid misclassification as nonspecific chronic interstitial nephropathy and to ensure timely genetic testing, counseling, and long-term multidisciplinary management. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2026 Congress , 2026

Authors: Llorens-salvador Roberto, Veiga-canuto Diana, Ortega-lopez Pedro, Navarro Oscar

Keywords: Perinatal, Kidneys, Cystic