Showing 8 Abstracts.
The posterior fossa houses the brainstem and cerebellum. These vital and complex parenchymal structures contain many important white matter tracts, nuclei, and neurons responsible for both basic fundamental and higher-level functions. A number of disease processes can interfere with rhombencephalic development, including genetic malformations and disruption such as hypoxia, toxins, infections, trauma, and vascular disorders. Structural changes associated with fetal imaging pathology that deviate from the normal gestational-age specific developmental patterns can define the etiology, improve our understanding of the disease, and help with prognostication. A comprehension of basic embryology and developmental anatomy is necessary to achieve a true understanding of posterior fossa anomalies and normal variants. In this exhibit, we aim to illustrate common and rare anomalies of the brainstem, cerebellum, meninges, and meningeal spaces visible on fetal MRI, presented in a temporal manner based on the embryologic development of the posterior fossa. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018
Authors: Whitehead Matthew, Lee Bonmyong
Keywords: Posterior fossa, cerebellum, brainstem
CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder with multisystemic congenital anomalies, most commonly including coloboma, heart malformations, choanal atresia, developmental delay, and genital and ear anomalies. The diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome has been refined over the years. However, there are limited reports describing skullbase and craniocervical junction abnormalities. Recently, a coronal clival cleft has been identified in association with CHARGE syndrome. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of coronal clival clefts in patients with CHARGE syndrome. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018
Authors: Mahdi Eman, Whitehead Matthew
Keywords: CHARGE syndrome, Clival cleft
Imaging evaluation of the pediatric breast is often necessary to evaluate suspected disease in immature and developing mammary tissue. The initial assessment of these patients commonly occurs at a children’s hospital. In this retrospective study, we aim to demonstrate the landscape of pediatric breast imaging by providing the prevalence of various breast-related imaging techniques, diagnoses, and demographics encountered at an academic children’s hospital over a 10 year period. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018
Authors: Lee Bonmyong, Whitehead Matthew
Keywords: breast, pediatrics, ultrasound
The human airway is fundamental to respiratory gas transmission and oxygen exchange. The pediatric upper airway is subject to a number of specific age and location related disease processes that can cause alarming morbidity and could be deadly by impairing normal air movement. In this exhibit, we guide the learner on a fantastic journey thorough the pediatric upper airway from nose to cords illustrated thorough neuroimages. Congenital and acquired anatomic and pathologic barriers to airflow will be reviewed. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018
Authors: Whitehead Mark, Whitehead Matthew
Congenital and acquired forms of temporal bone dehiscences involving the facial nerve (FN) canal, semicircular canals, and otic capsule can cause functional inner ear abnormalities and represent critical landmarks for cochlear implant surgeons. The rarest and most recently described type, cochlear-facial dehiscence (CFD), is characterized by lack of an osseous partition between the labyrinthine facial nerve canal segment and the cochlea. CFD has only been reported in adults, both by CT and histopathology. We share a case of CFD diagnosed by temporal bone CT in a pediatric patient presenting with hearing loss. This is an important condition for radiologists to be aware of when evaluating the temporal bone. Case Report (in brief) Our patient is a male toddler who presented at 15 months of age because he was not responding to parents’ voices. Workup revealed profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. At 20 months of age, he underwent an axial high-resolution CT scan without contrast with 0.625 mm thick images of the temporal bones. Cochlear-facial dehiscence was noted bilaterally, with 0.8 mm bone defects between the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve canal and the adjacent superolateral aspect of the cochlear mid turn (CFD). This was thought to represent a possible anatomic defect responsible for the patient’s reported sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The remainder of the CT examination was normal without additional areas of dehiscence. Discussion (abbreviated): In its normal, mature state, the facial nerve passes through a fully enveloped bony canal situated superiorly and along the lateral part of the cochlea. Inadequate facial nerve canal ossification may occur secondary to impaired epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in precursor areas at intermembranous bone ossification sites. A presumed congenital cochlear-facial dehiscence was present in our patient bilaterally, and may have been partly or entirely responsible for his hearing loss. The defect could be from ossification failure or over-resorption of the bone. Cochlear-facial dehiscence is an important diagnosis to be primed for during the assessment of temporal bone CTs, especially in patients with findings suggesting a 3rd window phenomenon. Furthermore, it is critical to convey the presence of a CFD to the otolaryngologist prior to any consideration for cochlear implantation as it may predispose the patient to facial nerve stimulation during activation or usage of the implant. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Koroulakis Dionysios, Reilly Brian, Whitehead Matthew
Keywords: dehiscence, cochlear
Recent literature has illuminated increasing diagnostic uses of arterial spin labeling (ASL). This MR technique obtains accurate and reliable CBF measurements non-invasively and can be performed multiple times during the same exam, unlike other perfusion techniques. A wide variety of entities, including normal variants, pathological conditions, and technical errors can demonstrate abnormal CBF values. This Educational Exhibit has three main purposes: 1. To classify the main abnormal ASL perfusion patterns in the pediatric brain. 2. To discuss the potential clinical significance of abnormal ASL values. 3. To discuss the utility of this technique in the pediatric clinical setting. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017
Authors: Cardenas Agustin, Murnick Jonathan, Whitehead Matthew
Keywords: ASL, arterial spin labeling, perfusion
Dermoid cysts are a sequestration of ectoderm containing secondary skin structures, usually at characteristic locations of embryologic fusion lines. The midventral suprasternal fusion line is one such location in the developing embryo with both simple and complicated dermoids of this region reported in the literature. We reviewed our academic pediatric institutional experience with dermoid cysts of the suprasternal notch, focusing on the initial presentation as a palpable nodule referred for sonographic evaluation. The purpose of this educational exhibit is to depict the ultrasound imaging features of suprasternal notch dermoid cysts in the pediatric population. Secondary purposes are to describe the anatomy of the suprasternal notch, demonstrate CT and MR correlates of the these dermoids, and depict regional inflammatory complications. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019
Authors: Molto Jose, Loomis Judyta, Cielma Tara, Whitehead Matthew
Keywords: Dermoid, neck, Suprasternal
Congenital eye malformations are relatively rare. However, they are often associated with complex clinical syndromes that require extensive prenatal evaluation and counseling. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of various congenital ocular anomalies that can be detected on prenatal ultrasound and/or MRI in isolation or as part of a syndromic findings and to address the importance of the prenatal genetic evaluation and parental counseling. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019
Authors: Mahdi Eman, Whitehead Matthew, Al-samarraie Mohannad, Bulas Dorothy