Yacoub Daniel,  Wang Kuan Chung,  Shah Prakeshkumar,  Moineddin Rahim,  Doria Andrea

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-063

Increased fracture risk is a complication that occurs in the context of primary bone diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Despite being considered as the reference-standard, the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate fragility fractures in OI has not been validated by prior systemic review. Identifying patients at greatest risk for bone fragility fractures and determining skeletal health markers that can monitor bone mass concerning response to bone-active treatments are important issues for clinicians. In this systematic review we assessed the clinical utility of DXA for evaluating osteoporotic bone in OI pediatric patients according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Read More

Authors:  Yacoub Daniel , Wang Kuan Chung , Shah Prakeshkumar , Moineddin Rahim , Doria Andrea

Keywords:  Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Osteogenesis imperfecta, Systematic review, Fracture, Clinimetric property

Kumar Ishan,  Aggarwal Priyanka,  Verma Ashish

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-053

This educational exhibit aims to present a comprehensive structured reporting framework for assessing skeletal dysplasia. By providing a systematic approach, we aim to facilitate better classification, diagnosis, and understanding of various skeletal dysplasia entities. Read More

Authors:  Kumar Ishan , Aggarwal Priyanka , Verma Ashish

Keywords:  Skeletal Dysplasia, Structured Reporting, X-Ray

Satoor Vamsish,  Marine Megan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-034

Background/Objective:
Rib fractures are one of the most specific fractures in child abuse and are among the most common identified. Diagnosis of an unsuspected rib fracture in a young child or infant is highly concerning for child abuse. Given rib fractures, particularly acute rib fractures, can be subtle and difficult for even experienced radiologists to identify, a screening diagnostic tool to improve the detection accuracy would provide significant value. The objective of this investigation is to create a machine learning algorithm with the ability to recognize the presence or absence of rib fractures on chest radiographs in pediatric patients less than 3 years old. Read More

Authors:  Satoor Vamsish , Marine Megan

Keywords:  Machine learning, Chest x-ray, Pediatric

Kumar Soryan,  Sollee John,  Choi Una,  Lin Cheng Ting,  Bai Harrison,  Jiao Zhicheng

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-037

The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning algorithm for detecting COVID-19 in chest x-rays of pediatric patients. Read More

Authors:  Kumar Soryan , Sollee John , Choi Una , Lin Cheng Ting , Bai Harrison , Jiao Zhicheng

Keywords:  AI, X-Ray, Chest

Chotai Heena,  Varma Nisha,  Liyanage Neelika

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-059

Phalangeal micro geodic disease (PMD)/ transient phalangeal osteolysis is a rare self-limiting condition for which there are limited published case reports. There have been an increasing number of cases over the last thirteen years dating back to 2001. We present several paediatric cases diagnosed as PMD over the last ten years and their imaging features, often overlapping with inflammatory or infective arthropathy. PMD has a higher occurrence after cold exposures and thus seen in colder regions. It has also been described to favor the fingers over the toes.
This is a pictorial review that highlights the imaging findings of PMD to enable a smoother journey from presentation to diagnosis for both our Radiological and Clinical colleagues. Read More

Authors:  Chotai Heena , Varma Nisha , Liyanage Neelika

Keywords:  X-Ray, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Paediatric Radiology

Mahomed Nasreen

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-010

Abstract: HIV is a global pandemic. According to the UNAIDS Report on the Global Aids Epidemic 2013, approximately 3.3 million children under the age of 15 years are living with HIV infection globally. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of disease with 2.9 million of HIV-infected children. HIV has affected the epidemiology of childhood pneumonia, changing the spectrum of pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria and prognostic outcome. More than 70% of HIV-infected children will suffer at least one episode of a pulmonary infection in the course of their illness. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) demonstrated vaccine efficacy of 20% in HIV-uninfected children and 13% in HIV-infected children in South African using WHO standardized chest X-ray interpretation criteria. The chest X-ray remains the most readily available and the commonest imaging modality for childhood pneumonia. A combination of clinical findings with pattern recognition on chest X-ray narrows the differential diagnosis. We present a pictorial review of chest X-ray findings in HIV-infected children due to infectious causes: pulmonary TB, bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, viral pneumonia and non- infectious causes: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) and lymphoma.
Read More

Authors:  Mahomed Nasreen

Keywords:  chest X-rays, HIV-infected children

Anoni Maria Clara,  Galeano Monica,  Gonseski Vivia Carolina,  Sanchez Salinas Paola

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-052

Purpose or Case Report: The most common cause of genetic rickets is X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) due to an inactivating mutation in the phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase X-linked (PHEX) gene. This mutation leads to elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations and renal phosphate wasting, which causes hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia. Children with rickets often exhibit leg deformities, poor growth, and disproportionate short stature. The primary treatment goal is to correct or at least improve rickets/osteomalacia based on clinical and biochemical parameters.
The conventional treatment for patients with XLH consists of oral supplements of inorganic phosphate salts combined with active vitamin D, but in some patients, adherence is poor. There is a new, promising human monoclonal antibody called burosumab. This treatment specifically targets the excessive activity of XLH by improving renal phosphate reabsorption and promoting intestinal phosphate absorption through the stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production. Thus, enhancing phosphate homeostasis in these children, burosumab increases serum phosphate levels, alleviating symptoms, and leading to a reduction in skeletal and muscular complications. The purpose of this article is to assess the radiographic images of 7 patients with congenital rickets under treatment with borusumab, using the Rickets Severity Score (RSS). Read More

Authors:  Anoni Maria Clara , Galeano Monica , Gonseski Vivia Carolina , Sanchez Salinas Paola

Keywords:  Pediatric, Bone Density, X-Ray

Kumar Ishan,  Aggarwal Priyanka,  Verma Ashish

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: CR-041

Diffuse osteosclerosis in pediatric patients can present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features with conditions such as osteopetrosis, dysosteosclerosis, and pyknodysostosis. A 1-year-old male infant, born to non-consanguineous parents presented with global developmental delays, motor and speech impairments, and distinct craniofacial abnormalities. Notable features included macrocephaly, midfacial hypoplasia, and the presence of wormian bones. Clinical examination noted prominent veins over the skull, marked sutural markings, and wide wrists. Laboratory tests indicated anisocytic hypochromic anemia. An MRI of the brain demonstrated asymmetric ventriculomegaly, with deposits identified in the right orbits. The patient's family history included a sibling who had a history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, who passed away at the age of three.
Radiographic evaluation revealed diffuse osteosclerosis of the vertebrae and ribs, a “bone within bone” appearance in both ilia, and bilateral femora showed Erlenmeyer flask deformity. Additional findings included diphyseal sclerosis with focal segmental cortical thickening in both tibiae and patchy sclerosis observed in the metaphysis. Similar findings were seen in metacarpals. Read More

Authors:  Kumar Ishan , Aggarwal Priyanka , Verma Ashish

Keywords:  Osteopetrosis, X-Ray, Histiocytosis