Ultrasonography (US) is an essential tool in pediatric imaging, particularly in the emergency setting. Although US is often the favored initial modality for abdominal imaging in children, it is a highly operator-dependent modality prone to misinterpretation which can lead to false positive or negative exams, or even a different, incorrect diagnosis. Conditions discussed in this series include ileocolic intussusception, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, and foreign bodies. We will review diagnostic criteria, highlight crucial findings, as well as illustrate commonly-encountered difficulties and mimics. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019

Authors: Meister Moshe, Kim Jane, Son Jennifer

Keywords: ultrasound, mimic, pitfall

<b>Many institutions include a scout radiograph in the protocol for pediatric upper gastrointestinal (UGI) fluoroscopic studies. Recently, it has been shown that the scout radiograph does not add to the interpretation of VCUG examinations. Given that the scout radiograph is a significant portion of the total radiation exposure of the study, we sought to determine if the scout radiograph contributes to the interpretation of the outpatient pediatric UGI study.</b> Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Abdullah Selwan, Shet Narendra, Watkins Runa, Kim Jane

Keywords: Scout radiograph, Upper GI Series, Radiation Exposure

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal tract abnormality, with a small minority of patients presenting with symptoms related to complications. The aim of this educational exhibit is to provide a pictorial overview of the common and uncommon imaging manifestations of symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum, with an emphasis on CT findings, though scintigraphic, sonographic, radiographic, and fluoroscopic features will also be detailed. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Shet Narendra, Chen Wengen, Strauch Eric, Kim Jane

Keywords: Meckel's diverticulum, Computed Tomography, Scintigraphy

Lower moiety hydronephrosis/ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is an uncommon configuration of duplex collecting systems. We sought to characterize its prevalence, appearance and behavior using diuresis renograms (DR). Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2022 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2022

Authors: Kim Jane, Shalaby-rana Eglal, Krill Aaron, Pohl Hans, Majd Massoud

Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction, Duplex collecting system

To describe the fluoroscopic practice patterns during pregnancy in pediatric radiologists and potential impact on professional relationships and career. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Kim Jane, Son Jennifer, Poletto Erica, Phelps Andrew, Levin Terry

Keywords: Pregnancy, Fluoroscopy

Evaluation of pediatric abdominal vasculature is typically performed with contrast enhanced cross-sectional imaging or catheter angiography. Concern over radiation exposure and the safety of intravenous contrast agents in patients with impaired renal function has led to increased interest in non-contrast MR angiography. Recent advances in MRI pulse sequence design now allow for non-invasive high resolution imaging of pediatric abdominal vasculature without the use of radiation or intravenous contrast. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Edwards Emily, Lee Marsha, Phelps Andrew, Kim Jane, Courtier Jesse

Keywords: MRA, vasculature, Technique

Postoperative intussusception is a rare complication with a reported rate of 0.01-0.25% in children following laparotomy, accounting for 5-10% of postoperative bowel obstruction. We present a case of a 6-month-old infant with increasing abdominal fullness over several weeks who was found to have a large left renal mass. Following surgical resection of an atypical cellular form of Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma, the patient developed abdominal distension and was presumed to have a postoperative ileus. Due to unexplained persistent hypertension following surgery, MR Angiogram of the Abdomen was performed to evaluate the renal arteries. On this MR exam, a right lower quadrant ileocolic intussusception was identified. Air enema intussusception reduction attempt was unsuccessful, and laparotomy was performed with successful reduction. We review the literature on pediatric postoperative intussusception including the variety of initial surgical operations, clinical symptoms, intussusception type, treatment, and patient outcomes. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Kim Jane, Chun Jeannie, Kim Wendy, Morin Cara, Shet Narendra

Keywords: Intussusception, Postoperative, MRI

In 2014, a new classification system for prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilatation (UTD) was introduced via a multidisciplinary consensus statement. We have created an easy to use web-based calculator for the prenatal and postnatal UTD classification system which can be used to generate the risk category and the current recommendations for each group. We aim to simplify the overall process for physicians who are either unfamiliar with details of the classification system or apply the classification system infrequently, making it difficult to remember the criteria each time. Moreover, the final risk stratification group and the corresponding current recommendations are automatically copied to the clipboard and can be pasted directly into the imaging report, facilitating the reporting process. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Thomas Jason, Shet Narendra, Lumpkins Kimberly, Mendley Susan, Kim Jane

Keywords: Urinary Tract Dilatation, Classification, Hydronephrosis

Late-presenting or recurrent diaphragmatic defects can pose a diagnostic challenge due to varying clinical presentations. Current diagnostic approaches include plain film radiograph for initial assessment, with other imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT and MRI mainly employed for troubleshooting. As a radiation-free modality, MRI can provide a more definitive diagnosis in particular cases due to its ability to visualize discontinuity of the diaphragm (distinguishing it from eventration), hernia contents, defect location and size. In this exhibit, we will: 1. Review the normal appearance of the diaphragm. 2. Share our institutional MRI protocol for optimal evaluation of the diaphragm, including use of CINE steady state free precession sequences and use of negative slice spacing in T2 weighted images. 3. Discuss important postnatal MR imaging findings of late presenting and recurrent diaphragmatic hernias in children. 4. Describe potential diagnostic pitfalls in the imaging of the diaphragm. Read More

Meeting name: IPR 2016 Conjoint Meeting & Exhibition , 2016

Authors: Kim Wendy, Courtier Jesse, Morin Cara, Shet Narendra, Strauch Eric, Kim Jane

Keywords: Diaphragmatic hernia, MRI, Hiatal hernia, Bochdalek hernia, Morgagni hernia

Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) is an infectious disease that predominantly affects pediatric patients, usually ages 4-9 years old. The annual incidence is estimated at 4.5 patients per 100,000 population. CSD is primarily caused by B. henselae, an intracellular gram-negative bacillus; it is transmitted via scratch, lick, or bite from a cat. It presents with lymphadenopathy proximal to the site of inoculation; most commonly, this is axillary, epitrochlear, cervical, or inguinal lymphadenopathy. While CSD can be diagnosed clinically and has objective findings on histopathology, the imaging findings are unclear and have been debated in the literature. As such, we sought to clarify the multimodal imaging findings associated with CSD. We performed a review of the literature to highlight the existing radiological consensus. We also contribute several of our own new cases from our institution. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2023 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2023

Authors: Baig Farhan, Zapala Matthew, Kim Jane, Durand Rachelle, Cohen Pierre-alain, Wattier Rachel, Courtier Jesse

Keywords: Cat Scratch Disease, CSD, lymphadenopathy