Milks Kathryn,  Whitaker Amanda,  Mesi Erin,  Ruess Lynne

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 109

International data have shown that a hip surveillance program decreased and even prevented hip dislocations in children with cerebral palsy (CP). There are however, no published guidelines on reporting hip abnormalities in these children. Radiologic terminology and measurement technique varied widely in our department. The purpose of our quality improvement initiative was to standardize radiographic hip surveillance imaging and reporting as part of the newly implemented screening program at our institution. Read More

Authors:  Milks Kathryn , Whitaker Amanda , Mesi Erin , Ruess Lynne

Keywords:  cerebral palsy, hip surveillance, pelvis radiograph

Degnan Andrew,  Biko David,  White Ammie,  Servaes Sabah,  Otero Hansel,  Fox William,  Shaffer Thomas,  Zhang Huayan,  Saul David

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-100

With advances in intensive care, increasing numbers of premature neonates with severe respiratory distress have led to major challenges related to prolonged mechanical ventilation and chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children still confer significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in ventilation and resuscitative therapies.

Much of the damage attributed to mechanical ventilation in critically ill infants and children is due to surface tension and ventilation of atelectatic lung. First reported clinically in neonates in 1989, partial liquid ventilation involves the endotracheal administration of an inert volatile perfluorochemical liquid. These perfluorocarbons aid in gas exchange due to their large oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity. In addition, these chemicals possess low surface tension that allows for greater alveolar recruitment and improved lung compliance through clearance of debris and secretions.

Early trials in preterm neonates and neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia suggested a role for liquid ventilation as salvage therapy for patients not responding to conventional mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Currently, efforts are underway to reassess its clinical utility in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. With this renewed clinical interest, it is important for pediatric radiologists at institutions utilizing these perfluorocarbons to be familiar with the clinical use and radiographic appearance of liquid ventilation. Read More

Authors:  Degnan Andrew , Biko David , White Ammie , Servaes Sabah , Otero Hansel , Fox William , Shaffer Thomas , Zhang Huayan , Saul David

Keywords:  liquid ventilation, chest radiographs

Dennison Chelsea,  Taylor Susan,  Wilson Hunter,  Slesnick Timothy,  Riedesel Erica

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-005

Over the last twenty years there has been a rapid expansion in the vast array of implantable cardiac devices utilized in pediatric patients. Imaging plays a key role in the management of patients with these devices. It is important for the pediatric radiologist to recognize the specific type of cardiac device visualized on radiographic images in order to make an accurate assessment of the appropriate position and any potential complications. With new cardiac devices entering the market it can be very perplexing and daunting for the radiologist to stay familiar with them all.

We will seek to review old and new pediatric cardiac devices currently used at our institution and their radiographic appearance.

These devices will be divided into categories of pacing devices, prosthetic heart valves, stents, closure devices, ventricular assist devices, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems (ECMO), and external monitoring devices.

Pacing devices: a) Epicardial and transvenous pacing systems b) Leadless pacemakers
Prosthetic heart valves: a) Surgically implanted valves b) Transcatheter valves
Cardiac stents
Closure devices: a) Patent ductus arteriosus closure device, b) Atrial septal defect closure device c) Vascular plugs and coils
Ventricular assist devices: a) Left ventricular assist device, b) Right ventricular assist device, c) Bi-ventricular assist device
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulas: a) Venous-arterial ECMO, b) Venous-venous ECMO
External monitoring devices: a) Holter monitor, b) Loop recorder Read More

Authors:  Dennison Chelsea , Taylor Susan , Wilson Hunter , Slesnick Timothy , Riedesel Erica

Keywords:  Cardiac Devices, Radiograph

Nakagawa Motoo,  Ozawa Yoshiyuki,  Tanaka Yoshihiro,  Shibamoto Yuta

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-002

Characteristic chest radiographic findings of patients with congenital heart disease have been reported for some decades ago. For beginner, it may be hard to detect these findings and to understand reasons why these findings depict. Recently, radiologists can interpret specific findings of congenital heart disease because technique of CT have been developed. Read More

Authors:  Nakagawa Motoo , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Shibamoto Yuta

Keywords:  congenital heart disease, chest radiograph, dual source CT

Stott Samantha,  Wu Yujie,  Hosseinpour Shahob,  Chen Chaojun,  Namdar Khashayar,  Amirabadi Afsaneh,  Shroff Manohar,  Khalvati Farzad,  Doria Andrea

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-001

Scoliosis is a complex spine deformity with direct functional and cosmetic impacts on the individual. The reference standard for assessing scoliosis severity is the Cobb angle which is measured on radiographs by human specialists, carrying interobserver variability and inaccuracy of measurements. These limitations may result in lack of timely referral for management at a time the scoliotic deformity progression can be saved from surgery.
We aimed to create a machine learning (ML) model for automatic calculation of Cobb angles on 3-foot standing spine radiographs of children and adolescents with clinical suspicion of scoliosis (AIS) across two clinical scenarios (idiopathic, group 1 and congenital scoliosis, group 2). Read More

Authors:  Stott Samantha , Wu Yujie , Hosseinpour Shahob , Chen Chaojun , Namdar Khashayar , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Shroff Manohar , Khalvati Farzad , Doria Andrea

Keywords:  Radiograph, Children

Sammer Marla,  Hayatghaibi Shireen,  Nguyen Haithuy,  Sher Andrew

Final Pr. ID: Paper #: 170

In our pediatric radiology department, radiographs (XR) are the shared responsibility of body radiologists, expected to be read in addition to daily modality-based or site-specific assignments. Due to concerns that the increasing XR volume was unevenly shared amongst colleagues, a software intervention was developed to improve weekday 7am-5pm workload balance by auto-distributing exams at 10-minute intervals during peak hours to rotation worklists within PACS; a cap of 20 distributed exams to each target worklist was set. Metrics to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness were assessed. Additionally, as there was concern that assigning exams may result in slower turnaround times (TATs) and increased errors, TATs and error rates were evaluated. Read More

Authors:  Sammer Marla , Hayatghaibi Shireen , Nguyen Haithuy , Sher Andrew

Keywords:  turnaround time, informatics, radiographs

Pan Patrick,  Roth Antoinette,  Chawla Soni

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-125

Chest radiographs remain the most frequently used examination in patients presenting with acute complains, adult and children alike. In many pediatric conditions, an abnormal finding on a chest radiograph may be the first clue available. In this educational exhibit, a systematic approach in the evaluation of pediatric chest radiographs is provided. With the use of mnemonic “In the ER, Look and Listen for Most oBvious Signs!”, the reader will navigate through the essential components of the evaluation with Exposure, Rotation, Lines, Lung fields, Mediastinum, Bones and Soft tissues. Read More

Authors:  Pan Patrick , Roth Antoinette , Chawla Soni

Keywords:  Chest, Radiograph, Approach

Abdullah Selwan,  Shet Narendra,  Watkins Runa,  Kim Jane

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-024

Many institutions include a scout radiograph in the protocol for pediatric upper gastrointestinal (UGI) fluoroscopic studies. Recently, it has been shown that the scout radiograph does not add to the interpretation of VCUG examinations. Given that the scout radiograph is a significant portion of the total radiation exposure of the study, we sought to determine if the scout radiograph contributes to the interpretation of the outpatient pediatric UGI study. Read More

Authors:  Abdullah Selwan , Shet Narendra , Watkins Runa , Kim Jane

Keywords:  Scout radiograph, Upper GI Series, Radiation Exposure

Schat Robben,  Holm Tara,  Murati Michael

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-001

This study implements a practical collimation technique utilizing external body landmarks to produce more consistent and appropriate collimation for portable neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) chest radiographs (CXR). Read More

Authors:  Schat Robben , Holm Tara , Murati Michael

Keywords:  NICU, chest radiograph, collimation

Ferreira Da Silva Renato,  Nagpal Prashant,  Priya Sarv,  Sato T Shawn,  Sato Yutaka

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: EDU-101

Interpretation of chest radiographs requires a good understanding of anatomy, the physiology of the lungs and cardiovascular system as well as good pattern recognition. Additionally, it requires a systematic approach to search for pathologies and pertinent clinical details for interpretation. With frequent use of CT / MRI, the residents (and even practicing radiologists) have become less skilled in the interpretation of chest x-rays, making one of the most commonly ordered exams the most challenging.
With challenges of decreasing radiation exposure (especially in pediatric population), it is important that the relatively lost skill set of chest radiographs interpretation be revisited, for trainees (radiology and non-radiology services) and the practitioners.

OUTLINE
● Historical perspective.
● Overall approach towards a chest x-ray and importance of clinical details.
● PA/AP and lateral radiograph anatomy and radiographic lines and stripes.
● Fleischer society standard terminology for radiographs.
● Radiographic appearance of abnormalities and pearls for differentiation. The abnormalities to be categorized as:
○ Pneumonia
○ Effusion
○ Atelectasis
○ Big heart
○ Pulmonary vascularity (plethora and oligemia)
○ Lucencies (Pneumo: thorax, mediastinum and cardia)
○ Masses Read More

Authors:  Ferreira Da Silva Renato , Nagpal Prashant , Priya Sarv , Sato T Shawn , Sato Yutaka

Keywords:  chest, radiograph, interpretation

Gupta Amit,  Bansal Abhinav,  Naranje Priyanka,  Jana Manisha,  Bhalla Ashu,  Kabra Sushil,  Kandasamy Devasenathipathy

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-013

Chest radiograph (CXR) is a valuable tool, especially in children owing to its low cost, availability, portability and easy disinfection along with less radiation as compared to Computed Tomography (CT). In this study, we evaluate the spectrum of CXR findings and patterns in pediatric COVID-19 patients. Read More

Authors:  Gupta Amit , Bansal Abhinav , Naranje Priyanka , Jana Manisha , Bhalla Ashu , Kabra Sushil , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy

Keywords:  COVID, Radiograph