Intracranial aneurysms are rare in children. The utility, yield, and effectiveness of screening for aneurysms in children and young adults with a predisposing history for aneurysms or a family history of aneurysms is not known. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of positive imaging studies performed for screening of intracranial aneurysms in children with familial history of intracranial aneurysms, and determine the utility and yield of these studies. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2017 Annual Meeting & Categorical Course , 2017

Authors: Lacroix Caroline, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: MRA, Vascular Imaging, Brain

We sought to determine factors associated with sonographic non-visualization of the appendix in patients being evaluated for appendicitis. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Francavilla Michael, Mpoti Makhethe, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: appendicitis, overweight, obesity

Sinonasal tumors in the pediatric population are uncommon. Tumors affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in children can arise from either soft tissue or bony structures and differ substantially from adult sinonasal masses. The aim of our exhibit is to review imaging features of a myriad of sinonasal neoplasms and tumor-like masses unique to the pediatric population ranging from the more well-known rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma to rarer lesions such as desmoplastic fibroma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2018 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2018

Authors: Chukus Anjeza, Vossough Arastoo, Dahmoush Hisham

Keywords: head & neck, sinonasal tumors, paranasal sinuses

Accurate preoperative imaging diagnosis of supratentorial pediatric intraventricular tumors is not always straightforward. Conventional MRI features such as T1- and T2-weighted signal and contrast enhancement may overlap among various choroid plexus tumors and embryonal tumors. This study aimed to perform apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis, assessing various metrics in different intraventricular for histological classification. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Khrichenko Dmitry, Martin-saavedra Juan, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: Intranventricular tumors, ADC, Diffusion

Intracranial calcification (ICC) can be either physiological or pathological. Physiological ICC is not an expected neuroimaging finding in the neonatal period but can be seen as children grow older in the pineal gland, habenula, choroid plexus, and occasionally in the dura mater. Pathological ICC can be broadly divided into six groups: infectious, toxic, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, vascular, and syndromic. The first two groups are typically composed of diseases that more commonly result in static encephalopathies, whereas the last four groups are composed of diseases that tend to cause progressive encephalopathy. Various neuroimaging modalities have distinct utilities and sensitivities in the depiction of ICC. Age at presentation, ICC location, and additional neuroimaging findings are useful information that may be useful to narrow down the differential diagnosis of ICC. Bilateral ICC is commonly due to congenital infections or due to neurodegenerative or infectious diseases. ICC involving the basal ganglia and thalami are commonly seen in neurodegenerative diseases. ICC can be seen in isolation or be associated with other neuroimaging features. TORCH infections are the most common neonatal causes of ICC. ICC in congenital infections can be associated with clastic changes, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, white matter abnormalities, skull changes, and cortical development malformations. Specific non-infectious causes of ICC that mimic TORCH infections are known as pseudo-TORCH. Neurodegenerative diseases causing ICC are mainly due to parathyroid and thyroid hormone dysfunction and inborn errors of metabolism, such as MELAS, Kearns Sayre and Cockayne syndrome, interferonopathies syndrome, and Krabbe disease. Tumoral ICCs are more commonly seen in low-grade tumors. Arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, chronic venous hypertension, and cavernomas are also known causes of ICC. Other vascular causes of ICC include atherosclerosis, healed hematoma, radiotherapy treatment, old infarct, and disorders of the microvasculature such as COL4A1- and COL4A2-related diseases. Down syndrome and phakomatosis are also known causes of ICC. Clinical information such as age at presentation; maternal exposure to teratogens, such as virus; in addition to the association with chromosomal abnormalities; genetic mutations and postnatal infections, facilitate in the differential diagnosis of the multiple causes of ICC. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Pinelli Lorenzo, Mankad Kshitij, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: Calcification, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance

Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) in newborns can be misdiagnosed as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), clinically and radiologically. The purpose of this study is to describe the frequency and patterns of brain MRI findings in children with PMD diagnosed during the neonatal period. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Martin-saavedra Juan, Goncalves Fabricio, Goldstein Amy, Andronikou Savvas, Ganetzky Rebecca, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: Newborn, mitochondrial disorders, Mitochondrial

Proton MRS (1H-MRS) is a technique to non-invasively study brain metabolites in vivo. 1H-MRS has been shown to detect abnormal brain accumulation of lactate in primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs). However, differences in lactate concentration among the different PMDs have not been explored. We aimed to explore differences in quantitative 1H-MRS derived metabolite concentrations, particularly of lactate, and their ratios, in PMDs. We analyzed quantitative 1H-MRS data of the brain in pediatric patients with different types of genetically confirmed PMDs to evaluate differences in metabolite concentration and ratios. Read More

Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020

Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Wang Dah-jyuu, Goldman-yassen Adam, Martin-saavedra Juan, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo

Keywords: MR Spectroscopy, Mitochondrial, LCModel