Showing 10 Abstracts.
Ultrasound (US) is a powerful imaging tool in the evaluation of neonates with suspected hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). US evaluation of the neonatal brain has been mainly performed qualitatively, comparing intracranial structures with different echotextures. Qualitative US analysis of the neonatal HIE brain may vary according to technical variations, the severity of the injury and the presence of coexistent complications. Quantitative analysis of the neonatal brain echotexture has been seldom attempted. Our aim was to compare the echotextures of specific brain regions between HIE patients and controls. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Khrichenko Dmitry, Zheng Qiang, Hwang Misun
Keywords: Ultrasound, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) is a leading cause of neonatal encephalopathy and resultant cerebral palsy. Most studies focus on early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and patterns of injury, with few studies evaluating patterns in delayed MRI of patients with cerebral palsy. We aim to categorise the delayed imaging MRI findings and distribution of abnormalities in a large cohort of children with cerebral palsy and obtained for medicolegal purposes to determine the causes of cerebral palsy, and to map the frequency of anatomic involvement in those with hypoxic ischemic injury. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Chacko Anith, Andronikou Savvas, Goncalves Fabricio, Vedajallam Schadie, Thai Ngoc Jade
Keywords: hypoxic ischaemic injury, HII, Patterns of hypoxic ischemic injury
Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) is a new imaging technique that permits generating multiple contrast-weighted images based on relaxivity measurements of tissue properties in a single acquisition using a multi-echo, multi-delay saturation recovery spin-echo sequence of approximately 6 minutes. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2019 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2019
Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Serai Suraj, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Zuccoli Giulio
Keywords: Synthetic MRI, BRAIN, Quantitative MRI
The inter-arterial watershed zone in neonates is a geographic area without discernible anatomic boundaries, is difficult to demarcate and usually not featured in atlases. Schematics currently used to depict the areas are not based on any prior anatomic mapping, as compared to adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of neonates in the acute to subacute phase with suspected hypoxic ischaemic injury can demonstrate signal abnormality and restricted diffusion in the cortical and subcortical parenchyma of the watershed regions, although this can often be subtle. In contrast, in the chronic stage of evolution of partial prolonged hypoxic-ischaemic injury, atrophy and ulegyria can make the watershed zone more conspicuous as a region. Our aim is to use images extracted from a large medicolegal database (approximately 2000 cases), of delayed MRI scans in children with cerebral palsy, to demonstrate the watershed region. To achieve this, we have selected cases diagnosed on imaging as having sustained a pattern of term, partial-prolonged hypoxic-ischaemic injury affecting the hemispheric cortex, based on the presence of bilateral, symmetric atrophy with ulegyria. From these we have identified those patients demonstrating injury along the entire watershed continuum as well as those demonstrating selective anterior or posterior watershed predominant injury for demonstration. Recognition of this zone is essential for diagnosing partial-prolonged hypoxic-ischaemic injury sustained in term neonates, which also has implications for potential compensation in litigation. The set of images presented in this pictorial review provides a template for identifying the cortical watershed distribution when there is milder regional (anterior, parasagittal, peri-Sylvian and posterior) watershed injury and for more severe injury where multiple regions are injured in combination or as a continuum. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Chacko Anith, Andronikou Savvas, Goncalves Fabricio, Mian Ali, Vedajallam Schadie, Thai Ngoc Jade
Keywords: Cortical Ischemic Patterns, Watershed Zone, Hypoxic Ischemic Injury
Accurate preoperative imaging diagnosis of supratentorial pediatric intraventricular tumors is not always straightforward. Conventional MRI features such as T1- and T2-weighted signal and contrast enhancement may overlap among various choroid plexus tumors and embryonal tumors. This study aimed to perform apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis, assessing various metrics in different intraventricular for histological classification. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Khrichenko Dmitry, Martin-saavedra Juan, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo
Keywords: Intranventricular tumors, ADC, Diffusion
Postmortem imaging is increasingly used following stillbirths and neonatal death. Estimating time of death has legal, biological, and ethical implications. This study aims to investigate feasibility of prenatal MRI in estimating time of death in intra-uterine fetal demise (IUFD). Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Teixeira Sara, Alves Cesar Augusto, Martin-saavedra Juan, Goncalves Fabricio, Zarnow Deborah, Feygin Tamara, Andronikou Savvas
Intracranial calcification (ICC) can be either physiological or pathological. Physiological ICC is not an expected neuroimaging finding in the neonatal period but can be seen as children grow older in the pineal gland, habenula, choroid plexus, and occasionally in the dura mater. Pathological ICC can be broadly divided into six groups: infectious, toxic, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, vascular, and syndromic. The first two groups are typically composed of diseases that more commonly result in static encephalopathies, whereas the last four groups are composed of diseases that tend to cause progressive encephalopathy. Various neuroimaging modalities have distinct utilities and sensitivities in the depiction of ICC. Age at presentation, ICC location, and additional neuroimaging findings are useful information that may be useful to narrow down the differential diagnosis of ICC. Bilateral ICC is commonly due to congenital infections or due to neurodegenerative or infectious diseases. ICC involving the basal ganglia and thalami are commonly seen in neurodegenerative diseases. ICC can be seen in isolation or be associated with other neuroimaging features. TORCH infections are the most common neonatal causes of ICC. ICC in congenital infections can be associated with clastic changes, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, white matter abnormalities, skull changes, and cortical development malformations. Specific non-infectious causes of ICC that mimic TORCH infections are known as pseudo-TORCH. Neurodegenerative diseases causing ICC are mainly due to parathyroid and thyroid hormone dysfunction and inborn errors of metabolism, such as MELAS, Kearns Sayre and Cockayne syndrome, interferonopathies syndrome, and Krabbe disease. Tumoral ICCs are more commonly seen in low-grade tumors. Arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, chronic venous hypertension, and cavernomas are also known causes of ICC. Other vascular causes of ICC include atherosclerosis, healed hematoma, radiotherapy treatment, old infarct, and disorders of the microvasculature such as COL4A1- and COL4A2-related diseases. Down syndrome and phakomatosis are also known causes of ICC. Clinical information such as age at presentation; maternal exposure to teratogens, such as virus; in addition to the association with chromosomal abnormalities; genetic mutations and postnatal infections, facilitate in the differential diagnosis of the multiple causes of ICC. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Pinelli Lorenzo, Mankad Kshitij, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo
Keywords: Calcification, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance
To evaluate the utility of fetal MRI and prenatal ultrasound in establishing an underlying cause in fetuses with suspected arthrogryposis. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Adams Niamh, Teixeira Sara, Alves Cesar Augusto, Goncalves Fabricio, Feygin Tamara, Zarnow Deborah, Andronikou Savvas
Keywords: Arthrogryposis, Fetal, CNS Abnormality
Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMD) in newborns can be misdiagnosed as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), clinically and radiologically. The purpose of this study is to describe the frequency and patterns of brain MRI findings in children with PMD diagnosed during the neonatal period. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Martin-saavedra Juan, Goncalves Fabricio, Goldstein Amy, Andronikou Savvas, Ganetzky Rebecca, Vossough Arastoo
Keywords: Newborn, mitochondrial disorders, Mitochondrial
Proton MRS (1H-MRS) is a technique to non-invasively study brain metabolites in vivo. 1H-MRS has been shown to detect abnormal brain accumulation of lactate in primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs). However, differences in lactate concentration among the different PMDs have not been explored. We aimed to explore differences in quantitative 1H-MRS derived metabolite concentrations, particularly of lactate, and their ratios, in PMDs. We analyzed quantitative 1H-MRS data of the brain in pediatric patients with different types of genetically confirmed PMDs to evaluate differences in metabolite concentration and ratios. Read More
Meeting name: SPR 2020 Annual Meeting & Postgraduate Course , 2020
Authors: Goncalves Fabricio, Wang Dah-jyuu, Goldman-yassen Adam, Martin-saavedra Juan, Alves Cesar Augusto, Teixeira Sara, Andronikou Savvas, Vossough Arastoo
Keywords: MR Spectroscopy, Mitochondrial, LCModel