Matsubara Yoshiko,  Miyazaki Osamu,  Nosaka Shunsuke,  Kosuga Motomichi,  Okuyama Torayuki,  Awai Kazuo

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-002

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is approved for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) I: Hurler syndrome (IH), Hurler-Scheie syndrome (IHS) and Scheie syndrome (IS), II: Hunter syndrome, and VI: Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. However, ERT is thought to have no therapeutic effect on the central nervous system (CNS) because the enzyme could not permeate through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We aimed to assess CNS involvement in MPS at the start of ERT and to evaluate the interval changes demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over a long-term follow up. Read More

Authors:  Matsubara Yoshiko,  Miyazaki Osamu,  Nosaka Shunsuke,  Kosuga Motomichi,  Okuyama Torayuki,  Awai Kazuo

Keywords:  mucopolysaccharidoses ,  enzymatic replacement therapy ,  magnetic resonance imaging

Intwala Devanshi,  Colglazier Roy,  Kang Paul,  Gridley Dan,  Connell Mary

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-003

Understanding normal parameters of pediatric cervical spine is imperative for early detection of cervical spine injury by computed tomography (CT) post trauma. Young children have a higher biomechanical fulcrum, incomplete ossification, and increased soft tissue laxity which minimizes anatomical distortion on CT [1,2]. The first part of this two part study aims to establish normal cervical joint spaces measurements in non-traumatic pediatric population with particular attention to the lateral atlantodental interval (ADI). Read More

Authors:  Intwala Devanshi,  Colglazier Roy,  Kang Paul,  Gridley Dan,  Connell Mary

Keywords:  Cervical spine ,  Atlantodental ,  Normal parameters

Boucher Marc-antoine,  Lippé Sarah,  El-jalbout Ramy,  Dupont Caroline,  Knoth Inga Sophia,  Damphousse Amelie,  Kadoury Samuel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-005

In neonates, ultrasound is the initial neuroimaging modality used to detect and follow intracranial pathologies, since MRI is challenging due to immobilization, costs and sedation issues. Ultrasound is typically acquired in 2D and interpretations are performed slice by slice. However, recent reports suggest a longitudinal follow-up of structure volumes and shapes may be relevant for investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders. The objective of this study is to test the diagnostic efficiency of the 3D ultrasound technology to measure total brain volume as well as lateral ventricular volume compared to volumetric measurements obtained from MRI. Read More

Authors:  Boucher Marc-antoine,  Lippé Sarah,  El-jalbout Ramy,  Dupont Caroline,  Knoth Inga Sophia,  Damphousse Amelie,  Kadoury Samuel

Keywords:  Infants brain ,  3D Ultrasound ,  MRI

Hull Nathan,  Frush Don,  Strauss Keith,  Vock Peter

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-006

Pediatric body CT is an invaluable imaging tool. There is increasing focus to manage and monitor radiation dose estimations from CT, especially in children. One approach, set forth by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (IRCP) is the establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Consensus DRLs have recently been established for body CT in Canada, and are in the final stages in Europe (Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Imaging-PiDRL), but not in the US. Region-specific determinations (which may vary) are worth assessing. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to define what exists in literature for US pediatric body CT DRLs, and to define what metrics should be considered for inclusion in DRL determination. Read More

Authors:  Hull Nathan,  Frush Don,  Strauss Keith,  Vock Peter

Keywords:  Diagnostic Reference Levels ,  Body CT ,  SSDE

Fink Adam,  Levin Terry,  Blumfield Einat,  Liszewski Mark,  Nemerofsky Sheri,  George Kandie,  Eddington K.,  Nafday Suhas,  Ushay H.

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-008

In the PICU and NICU, radiographs are frequently obtained and preliminarily interpreted by intensivists several hours before a board certified pediatric radiologist provides an official interpretation. These preliminary interpretations often result in a change in clinical management. We quantified the discrepancy rates between intensivists at different levels of training and pediatric radiologists to determine areas for intensivist improvement via an educational initiative. Read More

Authors:  Fink Adam,  Levin Terry,  Blumfield Einat,  Liszewski Mark,  Nemerofsky Sheri,  George Kandie,  Eddington K.,  Nafday Suhas,  Ushay H.

Keywords:  chest ,  Abdominal

Rudder Barbra,  Easley Sara,  Robinson Amie,  Nielsen David

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-012

Pediatric patients are often sedated for MRI scans to ensure images are of diagnostic quality. However, access time for MRIs requiring sedation in is often long due to high patient volumes. In 2014, an MRI Try Without (MTW) program was established at our institution to facilitate eligible patients to ‘try’ their MRI without sedation with the help of a dedicated team comprised of child life specialists (CLS), radiology nurses and scheduling as well as MRI technologists. During their MTW appointment, patients and families met with a CLS who used various preparation tools and methods, such as showing videos and pictures, utilizing a mock MRI, listening to sample noises, rehearsing laying still, and choosing a movie to watch during the MRI. The goal of this program was to decrease the wait time for obtaining an MRI, while ensuring diagnostic-quality images for the interpreting radiologist. Read More

Authors:  Rudder Barbra,  Easley Sara,  Robinson Amie,  Nielsen David

Keywords:  Child Life ,  MRI Try Without Sedation ,  Pediatric MRI

Wanous Amanda,  Monahan Hannah,  Javed Asma

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-013

Accurate diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents relies on clinical, biochemical and radiographic criteria. The traditionally utilized Rotterdam criteria define polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the presence of 12 or more follicles, measuring 2-9 mm in either ovary and/or an ovarian volume >10 cm³. Due to advancement in imaging techniques and resolution, it has been proposed by the Androgen Excess Society Taskforce to update criteria for diagnosis of PCOM to presence of 25 or more follicles per ovary. The aim of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of PCOM using ovarian volume and follicle number criteria in adolescents with confirmed PCOS based on NIH criteria. The NIH criteria are stringent and require the presence of both menstrual irregularity and clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism for a diagnosis of PCOS. Read More

Authors:  Wanous Amanda,  Monahan Hannah,  Javed Asma

Keywords:  Ultrasound ,  Ovary ,  Adolescent

Holm Tara,  Murati Michael,  Hoggard Eric,  Dietz Kelly

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-014

Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) has become an increasingly utilized option for pain management in pediatric patients with chronic and hereditary pancreatitis. Doppler ultrasound of the liver is routinely used to evaluate patency of the portal vein and assess portal vein and hepatic artery velocities after this procedure. However, to the best of our knowledge no study has established the expected Doppler findings on pediatric patients after TPIAT. This study is intended to establish normal values for velocities in the hepatic artery and portal vein in pediatric patients after TPIAT, and to determine the rate of hepatic vascular complications in these patients. Read More

Authors:  Holm Tara,  Murati Michael,  Hoggard Eric,  Dietz Kelly

Keywords:  Islet Autotransplantation ,  pancreatitis ,  Doppler

Albers Brittany,  Yang Yiting,  Parikh Ashishkumar,  Shah Chetan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-015

Head CT is often performed in the emergency setting to evaluate for new neurologic symptoms. CT is limited in evaluation of acute stroke, brainstem and posterior fossa lesions, demyelinating disease, and diffuse axonal injury. Unremarkable head CT may be falsely reassuring and can delay treatment. Limited sequence MR (LSMR) is a new approach for evaluating a patient with neurologic symptoms. In order for LSMR to be feasible, it must be accurate, efficient, and cost-effective. Read More

Authors:  Albers Brittany,  Yang Yiting,  Parikh Ashishkumar,  Shah Chetan

Keywords:  Emergency ,  CT ,  MR

Cho Joo,  Sohn Jae Ho,  Vargas Sara,  Lee Edward

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-016

To determine CT imaging features of benign intra-pulmonary lymph nodes in pediatric patients. Read More

Authors:  Cho Joo,  Sohn Jae Ho,  Vargas Sara,  Lee Edward

Keywords:  lymph node ,  benign ,  triangular

Leelakanok Nattinee,  Zapala Matthew,  Edwards Emily,  Phelps Andrew,  Mackenzie John,  Courtier Jesse

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-018

Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) has gained favor in pediatric patients due to its lack of ionizing radiation and noninvasive nature. Reports exist regarding incidental findings on body MRA in adult patients. However, the incidental findings in pediatric abdominal MRA have not been previously reported. Our study aims to determine the frequencies, characteristics and categories of incidental findings in pediatric patients undergoing abdominal MRA. Read More

Authors:  Leelakanok Nattinee,  Zapala Matthew,  Edwards Emily,  Phelps Andrew,  Mackenzie John,  Courtier Jesse

Keywords:  MRA ,  Pediatric ,  MRI

Bhargava Ravi,  Anderson Scott,  Chari Radha

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-019

Fetal demise (FD) occurs in 1/1000 pregnancies after 20 weeks gestation. MRI is increasingly being used after ultrasound to assess fetal pathology. FD may occur in the interval between ultrasound and MRI, and various organ systems have been described as having changes on fetal MRI. Although ultrasound findings of FD have been well described, criteria for FD on MRI have not. Diffusion MRI evaluates Na⁺/K⁺ channel viability and can be used to evaluate tissue death. Flowing blood produces signal loss on MRI, and along with fetal heart activity results in MRI signal loss of the cardiac chambers. FD with no heart motion and increased signal within non-flowing blood in the heart should result in increased signal in the chambers relative to the myocardium. Either of these findings can be seen with different fetal pathology, but the combination of brain and cardiac changes may allow for a diagnosis of FD. We hypothesize that restricted brain diffusion in certain brain lobes along with increased signal within heart chambers is specific for FD. Read More

Authors:  Bhargava Ravi,  Anderson Scott,  Chari Radha

Keywords:  Fetal MRI ,  Brain ,  Cardiac

Heuvelings Charlotte,  Belard Sabine,  Andronikou Savvas,  Grobusch Martin,  Zar Heather

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-020

Diagnosing paediatric TB can be challenging due to non-specific signs and symptoms and difficulties in getting a microbiological confirmation. Diagnosis relies mainly on symptoms and chest X-ray (CXR), with hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy as the most common finding. However, CXR has poor inter- and intra-reader agreement for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound (US) does not expose children to ionizing radiation; is repeatable and due to the recent development of portable, low-cost US machines it can be used at the point of care and is cost-effective.
We investigated clinician-performed mediastinal US, comparing with CXR, for the detection of lymphadenopathy in children with suspected pulmonary TB. Read More

Authors:  Heuvelings Charlotte,  Belard Sabine,  Andronikou Savvas,  Grobusch Martin,  Zar Heather

Keywords:  mediastinal ,  ultrasound ,  tuberculosis

Castro Denise,  Hopman Wilma,  Regan Rosemary,  Sauerbrei Eric,  Soboleski Don

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-023

Perception plays a significant role in the interpretation of images (Fig.1). A medical image perception society (MIPS) now exists with a goal to improve the understanding of imaging perceptual factors. Perception in sonography is different than other modalities where images are produced in a specifically formatted manner and then evaluated later by the observer (passive perception). Ultrasound is performed in a less standardized process to provide the best acoustic window of the region of concern. Image production requires the operator’s perceptual skills while acquiring the images (interactive perception). The study purpose was to determine if experience, knowledge base or scan time correlates with an imagers perceptual ability to visualize the normal appendix. Read More

Authors:  Castro Denise,  Hopman Wilma,  Regan Rosemary,  Sauerbrei Eric,  Soboleski Don

Keywords:  perception ,  appendix ,  sonography

Abdullah Selwan,  Shet Narendra,  Watkins Runa,  Kim Jane

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-024

Many institutions include a scout radiograph in the protocol for pediatric upper gastrointestinal (UGI) fluoroscopic studies. Recently, it has been shown that the scout radiograph does not add to the interpretation of VCUG examinations. Given that the scout radiograph is a significant portion of the total radiation exposure of the study, we sought to determine if the scout radiograph contributes to the interpretation of the outpatient pediatric UGI study. Read More

Authors:  Abdullah Selwan,  Shet Narendra,  Watkins Runa,  Kim Jane

Keywords:  Scout radiograph ,  Upper GI Series ,  Radiation Exposure

Miyazaki Osamu,  Oguma Eiji,  Nishikawa Masanori,  Tanami Yutaka,  Kitami Masahiro,  Hosokawa Takahiro

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-026

To assess the size and number of pulmonary lesions in patients with hepatoblastoma
Diagnostic criteria of the PRETEXT (Pretreatment Extent of Disease) staging system for hepatoblastoma states that pulmonary lesions are judged to be metastases if there is one nodule greater than 10mm in diameter, or if among several nodules at least one is greater than 5mm in diameter. Read More

Authors:  Miyazaki Osamu,  Oguma Eiji,  Nishikawa Masanori,  Tanami Yutaka,  Kitami Masahiro,  Hosokawa Takahiro

Keywords:  hepatoblastoma ,  lung metastasis ,  chest CT

Ramírez Tamara,  Abdeen Nishard

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-027

The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been noted to distend in patients with increased intracranial pressure. There is relatively little data on the sensitivity of dilated optic nerve sheath on initial CT or MRI as a sign of raised Intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt malfunction. This pilot study aims to establish if there is a significant difference in ONSD pre- and postshunt revision surgery. Read More

Authors:  Ramírez Tamara,  Abdeen Nishard

Keywords:  Optic nerve sheath diameter ,  Intracranial pressure ,  Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Marine Megan,  Smith Jessica,  Wanner Matthew,  Jennings Samuel,  Hibbard Roberta,  Karmazyn Boaz

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-030

The purpose is to evaluate how well hospitals comply with ACR-SPR guidelines for skeletal surveys in the cases of possible child abuse. Read More

Authors:  Marine Megan,  Smith Jessica,  Wanner Matthew,  Jennings Samuel,  Hibbard Roberta,  Karmazyn Boaz

Keywords:  Skeletal Survey ,  Child Abuse ,  Nonaccidental Trauma

Arioz Habibi Hatice,  Alici Davutoglu Ebru,  Kandemirli Sedat Giray,  Aslan Mine,  Ozel Aysegul,  Kalyoncu Ucar Ayse,  Zeytun Pinar,  Madazli Riza,  Adaletli Ibrahim

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-031

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of placental shear wave velocity and differences of placental elasticity between intra-uterine growth restriction(IUGR) and normal pregnancies. Read More

Authors:  Arioz Habibi Hatice,  Alici Davutoglu Ebru,  Kandemirli Sedat Giray,  Aslan Mine,  Ozel Aysegul,  Kalyoncu Ucar Ayse,  Zeytun Pinar,  Madazli Riza,  Adaletli Ibrahim

Keywords:  Intrauterine growth restriction ,  placental elasticity ,  shear wave elastography

Said Yusra,  Pears Jane,  Hayes Roisin

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-032

We reviewed the MR imaging of all the paediatric patients with optic nerve glioma in our department over the last 15 years in order to determine the frequency of MR Imaging and surveillance which puts significant burden on our imaging department where MRI access is limited especially under general anaesthesia.
Read More

Authors:  Said Yusra,  Pears Jane,  Hayes Roisin

Keywords:  Optic pathway Glioma ,  MRI ,  Pediatric

Noga Michelle,  Tham Edythe,  Punithakumar Kumaradevan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-034

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is commonly used in evaluation of patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Impaired peak strain by echocardiography in TOF has been associated with adverse clinical outcome. Assessment of myocardial deformation (strain) using novel CMR software may provide prognostic information in TOF. Because of ventricular interaction, abnormal left ventricle (LV) mechanics are seen in echocardiography speckle tracking. We aimed to determine correlates of right (RV) and LV function using LV diastolic filling analysis in patients with repaired TOF. Read More

Authors:  Noga Michelle,  Tham Edythe,  Punithakumar Kumaradevan

Keywords:  Cardiac ,  magnetic resonance imaging ,  Tetralogy of Fallot

Saez Fermin,  Vazquez Victor,  Saez Javier,  Pijoan Jose

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-036

To assess the relevance of asymmetrical skin folds as a clinical sign for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Read More

Authors:  Saez Fermin,  Vazquez Victor,  Saez Javier,  Pijoan Jose

Keywords:  developmental dysplasia of the hip ,  hip ultrasound screening ,  hip dysplasia

Emerson Miriam,  Barth Richard,  Rubesova Erika,  Halabi Safwan,  Rosenberg Jarrett,  Hintz Susan,  Blumenfeld Yair,  Girsen Anna,  Neves Stephanie,  Homeyer Margaret

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-039

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Volume Ratio (CVR) is widely used during prenatal ultrasound to predict outcome of fetuses with bronchopulmonary malformations (BPM). Since fetal MRI is often performed in fetuses with BPM, the aim of our study is to correlate CVR measurements by MRI and US, to compare inter-observer agreement of CVR measured by area-based MRI volume, diameter-based volume and to assess whether large lesions would be prone to more variability in CVRs among observers. Read More

Authors:  Emerson Miriam,  Barth Richard,  Rubesova Erika,  Halabi Safwan,  Rosenberg Jarrett,  Hintz Susan,  Blumenfeld Yair,  Girsen Anna,  Neves Stephanie,  Homeyer Margaret

Keywords:  Bronchopulmonary malformation ,  CVR ,  lung

Ayyala Rama,  Maddocks Alexis,  Anupindi Sudha,  Victoria Teresa

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-041

Intraabdominal cystic lesions are relatively common prenatal diagnoses. Determining its etiology and diagnosis can be challenging on prenatal imaging. Fetal MR is a helpful imaging modality that can provide additional anatomic and physiologic information. The purpose of this study is to evaluate MR imaging findings of fetal intraabdominal cystic lesions with correlation with postnatal imaging and outcome. Read More

Authors:  Ayyala Rama,  Maddocks Alexis,  Anupindi Sudha,  Victoria Teresa

Keywords:  Fetal ,  MRI ,  Cyst

Lacroix Caroline,  Balamuth Naomi,  Miller Tamara,  Shekdar Karuna

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-044

To describe the imaging manifestations of orbit involvement in extra orbital oncological processes in the pediatric population. Read More

Authors:  Lacroix Caroline,  Balamuth Naomi,  Miller Tamara,  Shekdar Karuna

Keywords:  Tumor ,  Orbital ,  Neoplastic

Ledbetter Karyn,  Adler Elena,  Subramanyam Rajeev,  Mahmoud Mohamed,  Kline-fath Beth,  Fleck Robert

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-046

Congenital lung lesions continue to be diagnosed prenatally with increasing frequency. While the etiologies frequently encountered have been well described, there are contradictions in the literature about the prevalence of pathologies. Additionally, no gender or lobar predilection has been confidently reported. The goal of this study was to delineate the epidemiology of congenital lung lesions and their mimickers at our institution to provide comparison to published data. Read More

Authors:  Ledbetter Karyn,  Adler Elena,  Subramanyam Rajeev,  Mahmoud Mohamed,  Kline-fath Beth,  Fleck Robert

Keywords:  bronchial atresia ,  Congenital ,  CPAM

Aldraihem Ahmed,  Abdeen Nishard

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-047

To determine the inter-observer agreement in measurement of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in pediatric brain tumors, using normal grey matter as a control. Read More

Authors:  Aldraihem Ahmed,  Abdeen Nishard

Keywords:  brain tumor ,  T2* perfusion ,  interobserver agreement

Xia Christina,  Das Prasnjeet,  Thomen Robert,  Woods Jason,  Fleck Robert

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-050

The indications for high resolution CT (HRCT) and bronchoscopy often coincide in patients
with recurrent respiratory tract infections, chronic cough and wheezing, symptoms often related to tracheomalacia (TM). However, the efficacy for detecting TM in young children by HRCT has not been investigated. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the ability to detect TM on clinical HRCT relative to bronchoscopy as a reference standard and compare several quantitative methods of determining the presence of TM on CT. Read More

Authors:  Xia Christina,  Das Prasnjeet,  Thomen Robert,  Woods Jason,  Fleck Robert

Keywords:  Tracheomalacia ,  Bronchoscopy ,  Computed Tomography

Lodwick Daniel,  Krishnamurthy Rajesh,  Deans Katherine,  Cooper Jennifer,  Groner Jonathan,  Gonzalez Dani,  Lee Choonsik,  Kelleher Kelly,  Minneci Peter,  Shah Summit,  Stanley Rachel

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-054

Computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols and prescribing practices vary across institutions. Pediatric trauma patients treated at a pediatric trauma center (PTC) may receive less radiation if their CT imaging is performed at a PTC rather than at non-PTCs prior to transfer. The objective of the study was to determine differences in radiation exposure from CT imaging in pediatric trauma patients initially treated at a PTC center compared to non-PTCs. Read More

Authors:  Lodwick Daniel,  Krishnamurthy Rajesh,  Deans Katherine,  Cooper Jennifer,  Groner Jonathan,  Gonzalez Dani,  Lee Choonsik,  Kelleher Kelly,  Minneci Peter,  Shah Summit,  Stanley Rachel

Keywords:  Radiation ,  Computed Tomography ,  Trauma

Brandt Ryan

Final Pr. ID: Poster #: SCI-056

1. To compare the effective dose of dual energy CT with plain films in the pediatric population.
2. To compare effective dose using Turbo Flash scanning technique with that of standard scanning technique on single energy CT. Read More

Authors:  Brandt Ryan

Keywords:  Pediatric ,  Dual Energy ,  Effective Dose